Lesson UTS 11-13 PDF

UTS- REVIEWER 6) Periodically doing self-tests to see how LESSON 11- LEARN TO BE A BETTER LEARNER well you learned somE METACOGNITION referred to as “thinking about Metacognitive Strategies thinking’...

UTS- REVIEWER 6) Periodically doing self-tests to see how LESSON 11- LEARN TO BE A BETTER LEARNER well you learned somE METACOGNITION referred to as “thinking about Metacognitive Strategies thinking’ 1. Ask Questions. METACOGNITION is a regulatory system that 2. Foster Self-reflection. helps a person understand and control his or 3. Encourage Self-questioning. her own cognitive performance. 4. Teach Strategies Directly. METACOGNITIVE SKILLS are generally learned 5. Promote Autonomous Learning. during a later stage of development. 6. Provide Access to Mentors. 7. Solve Problems with a Team: THE 2 PROCESS OF METACOGNITION 8. Think Aloud. 1. ) Knowledge of cognition 9. Self-explanation. 3 components: 10. Provide Opportunities for Making Errors. i. knowledge of the factors that influence one’s own performance; LESSON 12- Do Not Just Dream, Make It ii. knowing different types of strategies to Happen use for learning; iii. knowing what strategy to use for a specific JACK CANFIELD is an epitome of success. learning situation. He has authored seven books listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as New York 2.) Regulation of cognition Times Bestseller I. setting goals and planning; These books are; II. monitoring and controlling learning; i. Chicken Soup for the Soul Series III. and evaluating one’s own regulation ii. The Success Principles (assessing results and strategies used). iii. How to Get from Where You Are to Where You Want to Be METACGNITION AND EXPERTISE iv. The Power of Focus 1. Many experts cannot explain the skills they v. The Aladdin Factor use to elicit expert performance. vi. Dare to Win; You’ve Got to Read This 2. Metacognitive strategies often separate an Book; The Key to Living the Law of expert from a novice. Attraction. 3. Some adults with expertise in one domain can transfer their metacognitive skills to Bandura’s Self-Efficacy learn more rapidly in another domain. 4. On the other hand, some adults do not Albert E. Bandura was born in Mundane, spontaneously transfer metacognitive skills Alberta on December 4, 1925. to new settings and thus, will need help He is perhaps most famous of his Bobo Doll doing so. experiment (1950). Examples of Metacognition Skills You May Use SOCIAL MODELLING means that we can learn 1) Knowing the limits of your own memory behavior by observing the actions of others. for a particular task and creating a means of external support. Bandura defined self-efficacy as “people’s 2) Self-monitoring your learning strategy, beliefs about their capabilities to produce such as concept mapping, and then designated levels of performance that exercise adapting the strategy if it isn’t effective. influence over events that affect their lives.” 3) Noticing whether you comprehend something you just read and then modifying your approach if you did not comprehend it. 4) Choosing to skim subheadings of unimportant information to get to the information you need. 5) Repeatedly rehearsing a skill in order to gain proficiency. People with “high assurance in their FIXED MINDSET - where they think that success capabilities.” is based on their innate capacities such as intelligence. 1. Approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered; Edwin A. Locke is internationally known for his 2. Set challenging goals and maintain a strong research on goal setting. commitment to them; The goal-setting theory contends that 3. Heighten or sustain their efforts in the face of individuals consciously process and understand failures or setbacks; what they need to achieve before they set up 4. Attribute failure to insufficient effort or goals deficient knowledge and skills which are 2 IMPORTANT FINDINGS THAT RESULT FROM acquirable; and TESTING THEORY 5. Approach threatening situations with 1. Setting specific goals reaped higher levels of assurance that they can exercise control over performance than general goals. them 2. Goals that are hard to achieve are linearly and positively connected to performance. People “who doubt their capabilities”: 1. Shy away from tasks they view as personal Locke also described goals as "a specified level threats; of efficiency in a certain area, usually to be 2. Have low aspirations and weak commitment reached under a time limit." to goals they choose to pursue; 3. Dwell on personal deficiencies, obstacles they 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOAL AS MENTIONED will encounter, and all kinds of adverse BY LOCKED; outcomes, rather that concentrating on how to 1. CONTENT- refers to the chosen achievement perform successfully; (e.g., I want to form a loving relationship with 4. Slacken their efforts and give up quickly in the my family). face of difficulties; 2. INTENSITY-refers to the quantity of physical 5. Are slow to recover their sense of efficacy and mental resources needed to create or following failure or setbacks; and achieve the content. (e.g., I will spend 1 to 2 6. Fall easy victim to stress and depression. days off from work to be with my family). BANDURAS 4MODES OF PERCIEVED SELF- 5 PRINCIPLE OF GOAL SETTING EFFICACY 1. Clarity 1. Mastery experiences. 2. Challenge 2. Vicarious experiences. 3. Commitment. 3. Verbal persuasive experiences. 4. Commitment. 4. Physiological states. 5. Task Complexity THE 2 DISTINCTION SELF EFFICACY THEORY GOAL ATTIRIBUTES 1. EFFICACY EXPECTATION - the conviction that INTERNALLY- they are ideas one can successfully execute the behavior EXTERNALLY- they refer to the object or required to produce the outcomes. condition sought 2. OUTCOME EXPECTANCY - a person’s TWO BROAD ATTRIBUTES OF GOALS estimate that a given behavior will lead to a CONTENT- (the actual object sought) certain outcome. INTENSITY-(the scope, focus, complexity, etc. of the scope process). Carol S. Dweck is the author of Mindset the New Psychology of Success. LESSON 13-Taking Charge of One's Health She released a book about social psychology STRESS is part of life (Goldberg, 2016). Because entitled Mindset: The New Psychology of stress is inevitable, one must know how to Success, which discusses why success is not manage their duties and time. automatically achieved by mere intelligence Stress refers to the physical, mental, and and talent. emotional factors i. ACUTE OR SHORT TERM STRESSOR- are 3. BANGUGOT- This is taken from two words, triggers caused by immediate threats or bangon, meaning to rise, and ungol, meaning to "fight or flight" situations such as moan. This refers to "sudden deaths, usually at harassment or bullying, night, ii. CHRONIC OR LONG TERM STRESSOR - on 4. NAMAMAHAY.- This points to the special the other hand, are those that pressure an attachment of a Filipinos to their home The individual continuously even if the "fight or feeling of being homesickness flight" response is suppressed. Some 5. BEING POOR - The state of having limited examples of these are ongoing pressures resources is a stressor to many Filipinos as they at work, relationship problems, face the struggle of commuting every day 6. DROUGHTSAND TYPHOONS -. Farmers CAUSE OF STRESS: experience stress and fear because of these 1. Work stressors climate phenomena. 2. Life stressors 7. URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT-. This could be STRESS RESPONSES: challenging and stressful as Filipinos might 1. PHYSICAL - increased heart rate, tensed encounter tyrannical and abusive bosses, as breathing, aching muscles, headaches, sweating well as being exposed to toxic office gossip. profusely, chills or cold hands and feet, irregular 8. HAVING EXTENDED FAMILY- This could be appetite, decreased digestive activity, stressful because it may mean more mouths to upset stomach and heartburn feed, more noise, 2. MENTAL - lack of focus and concentration, 9. OVERSEAS WORKER-There are times when frequent mistakes, absent-mindedness, and overseas workers are discouraged to come decreased objective judgment home because they are empty-handed and 3. EMOTIONAL - increased anxiety and confronted by relatives who expect gifts upon nervousness, depression, irritability, and their arrival. emotional outbursts 10. SENSITIVITY TO ODORS - Filipinos can be 4. BEHAVIORAL - insomnia, engaging in vices very sensitive to odors, which could cause such as smoking or drinking hard liquor, drug stomachaches addiction, and clumsiness. Taking Care of the Self: The Need for Self-Care and Compassion Coping with Stress SELF COMPASSION means being compassionate 3 steps to be able to cope with stress: and kind towards oneself 1. Regain control. 3 WAY TO BE MORE COMPASSIONATE TO ONE 2. Identify stressors. SELF 3. Adjust the mindset. 1. Be kind to oneself. 2. Embrace one's common humanity. To help college students cope with various 3. Be mindful. stressors in life: 1.Relax and engage 2.Break down tasks into small pieces. 3.Laugh more often. 4. Decrease negative self-talk. 5. Avoid illegal drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. 6. Exercise and eat healthy food regularly. 7. Learn a skill. 8. Practice assertion. 9. Build a support group 10. Focus on serving than pleasing other Filipinos and Stress: The Social and Cultural Dimensions of Stressors 1. DALAMHATI- This is a blend of two words dalam, a Malayan word meaning inside, and hati, meaning the heart or the liver. 2. NERBYOS- This does not literally mean being nervous; rather, it refers to an experience of hypertension or high blood pressure