Lesson 9 The Tejeros Assembly PDF

The Tejeros Assembly Chapter 10 REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LESSON Accounts Date Location O B J ECTI V ES At the end of the discussion, the student will be able to: a. Identify the conflicting views about the Tejeros Assembly. b. Examine the roles of each person as a source of the...

The Tejeros Assembly Chapter 10 REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LESSON Accounts Date Location O B J ECTI V ES At the end of the discussion, the student will be able to: a. Identify the conflicting views about the Tejeros Assembly. b. Examine the roles of each person as a source of the information of the event. c. Evaluate the validity of the accounts given by the sources. HISTORICAL CONTEXT The first days of Revolution – defeat on the part of Bonifacio forcing his men to retreat in the mountains of Montalban. - while in Cavite, under the leadership of Aguinaldo, they managed to subdue the Spanish forces by surprise and take in control of the province. - But soon, the Magdiwang (Bonifacio and Magdalo The two groups (Aguinaldo) fought each finally agreed to other so Aguinaldo invited form a revolutionary Bonifacio in Cavite to government which mediate. - When he arrived, it would lead to a infuriated the Magdalos. revolution. They agreed to meet March 22, 1897 – on the friar’s house Cavite Katipuneros as in Barrio Tejeros, a well as the part of the town of representatives from San Francisco the nearby provinces, Malabon converged at that friar’s estate. The Meeting Aguinaldo, however, wasn’t present at the assembly as he was commanding the Filipino forces at the frontliners in Pasong Santol, Barrio Salitran, Dasmarinas.  3 Accounts 1. Artemio Ricarte 2. Andres Bonifacio 3. Santiago Alvarez Artemio Ricarte’s Account - Written by Ge. Artemio Ricarte ( Vibora) - Was one of the officials of the Magdiwang faction - Serve as the secretary when Bonifacio was presiding as the president of the convention. - Was elected as the Captain – General of the revolutionary government. - “ Apuntes Historicos Kataastaasang Katipunan nang manga Anak ng Bayan’ contra el Gobierno Español en las Islas Filipinas.” - Was written when he was in prison by the American authorities in 1904. General Artemio Ricarte The romantic Filipino revolutionary and “irreconcilable” Artemio Ricarte y Vibora was born in 1866 at Batac, Ilocos Norte. A teacher of Spanish in Cavite by profession but a soldier by inclination, Ricarte secretly joined the independence- minded “blood brother-hood,” the Katipunan. Subsequently, he became an officer in the anti-Spanish Philippine uprising of 1896–1897.  When the Spanish-American War broke out, Ricarte was one of those recruited by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo to cooperate with the Americans in destroying Spain's authority in the Philippines. As the commander of a military district in Luzon, Ricarte was rewarded by the revolutionary government with the title of General. TRIVIA On June 9, 1904, noted Dubbed as the "Father of the Filipino General, Artemio Philippine Army", Ricarte was the "Vibora" Ricarte was Chief of Operations of the accused of illegal possession Philippine forces during the of firearms, conspiracy, Philippine-American War which rebellion and insurrection started in 1899. against the Americans. Ricarte’s Account MARCH 22 1897 (morning) – men filled the Tejeros estate with the two groups of Magdiwang and Magdalo. Chiefs of Magdiwang – Bonifacio, Pascual Mariano, Santiago Alvarez, Luciano San Miguel, Mariano Trias Closas, Severino delas Alas and Santos Nocon Chiefs of Magdalo – Baldomero Aguinaldo, Daniel Tirona, Cayetano Topacio and Antonio Montenegro. Start of the Meeting/ Convention Jacinto Lumbreras – opened the assembly. Severino delas Alas – briefly explained the purpose of the assembly, consider what kind of kind of government they will have. Severino delas Alas The Start of the Commotion Bonifacio: With the permission of the chairman, he stood up and explain the need to establish a form of government and emphasized the importance of the letter “K” at the center of the Katipunan flag which stands out as liberty (Kalayaan). Severino delas Alas: said that neither the “K” nor the flag has anything to do with the character of the government existing. The Start of the Commotion Bonifacio: he replied to Delas Alas that the government of Katipunan would be rigorously republican in form. Antonio Montenegro: his unusual louder voice said that unless some definite understanding on the kind of government they have, the insurgents were mere group of tulisanes or much worse brutes. Santiago Alvarez – wounded by the words of Montenegro so he said “ We insurgents of Cavite and specially with the Magdiwang government recognized and obey the government established by the Katipunan , if you wish to establish any other kind of government more suited to your fancy, retire to your province and conquer territory from the Spanish government as we have done here and establish there whatever government you like, and no one will interfere with you…” - The session broke out in disorder, but one hour later, when the two persons were pacified, the meeting conveyed under the presidency of Andres Bonifacio and Ricarte as his secretary. - He said that in order to have a peaceful assembly, they should respect and obey in everything the vote or decision of the majority. - They all agreed to that one condition. Ballots were distributed and the election started. Captain President: Emilio Aguinaldo Vice President: General: Director of defeating Mariano Artemio War: Emiliano Bonifacio and Riego de Dios Trias Trias Ricarte  Bonifacio – elected as Director of Interior but Daniel Tirona opposed since the Supremo is not a lawyer and with a loud voice, announced that they vote for Jose del Rosario. - Supremo’s pride was hurt so he ask to Tirona to apologized since it is already agreed that they will adhere to the majority of the votes. - he drew his revolver but Ricarte seized his hand and he said in a loud voice that as a presiding officer of the assembly and the supreme council of the Katipunan, declared the assembly closed and annulled everything that has been discussed and left followed by his adherents. Andres Bonifacio’s account - From a letter he wrote Emilio Jacinto in Montalban from Indang Cavite on April 24, 1897, a month after of the meeting - This is the first time, the members of the - Katipunan would here on the events that happened on the assembly. - First published in Jose P. Santos, Si Andres Bonifacio at ang Himagsikan (1932). Bonifacio’s Account - Started the meeting that they’d agreed to establish a government but Bonifacio opposed because the representatives of other provinces did not arrive yet but this was disregarded by the majority. - They agreed that whatever decision made by majority, they will abide and respect it. Bonifacio’s Account - So they elected the officers for the government but when it comes to the Director of the Interior, Don Daniel Tirona, stood up and said that the Director of Interior should be filled with someone educated like Don Jose del Rosario. He shouted four times but no one responded to his call. Bonifacio’s Account - So at this point, the President of Magdiwang announced that this is not a meeting of gentlemen. - Also Bonifacio discovered that there is already a meeting that they won’t allow someone from the province to become the president, for that reason, Aguinaldo was elected as president. Bonifacio’s Account - Bonifacio said that the assembly is the idea of those with evil intentions and that they deceived the people. - He said that if the wishes of the assembly not be followed then he will not recognized those who were electedand if he will not recognize them so as his men will do the same. - Even General Ricarte said the assembly was the result of bad intentions. Santiago Alvarez’s account Found in the Chapter 32 of Gen. Santiago Alvarez’s memoirs. He is a direct participant of the event like Ricarte. March 25, 1897 – Tejeros Convention - Signed by Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras of the Magdiwang Council and presided the assembly. - But before the assembly, they Secretary of War, Ariston Villanueva received a confidential information that Mr. Daniel Tirona of the Magdalo Faction was set to undermine the proceedings of the assembly and that he already acceded to have some Magdiwang leaders to join him. - Villanueva alerted Captain General Apoy to be ready for any sudden individuality. Santiago Alvarez Santiago Virata Álvarez (Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo ˈalβaɾes]; born Santiago Álvarez y Virata; July 25, 1872 – October 30, 1930) was a revolutionary general and a founder and honorary president of the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party. Santiago Alvarez’s account Initial topic – how to bolster the defense in the areas still under the Magdiwang control. Severino delas Alas: what kind of government they will have Bonifacio – the importance of the letter “K” and the flag in the government which was refuted by delas Alas by saying that the letter “k” nor the flag will not indicate what kind of government they will have. Bonifacio : replied that Katipunan was united in its respect for universal brotherhood and equality of men. - stood for people sovereignty, not the government led only by one or two. Santiago Alvarez’s account Antonio Montenegro: defended delas Alas saying that if they will not establish a government, they were no better than a pack of bandits or of wild, mindless animals. General Apoy: was hurt by the words of Montenegro - he said that they are true revolutionist for freedom of the native land, not bandits nor animals. The next scene… Ordered was restored, Lumbreras stepped down as the presiding officer and gave the right to the Supremo. They decided to have a majority votes, they will all respect the election decision no matter what his situation in life of his educational background. Ballot rigging - He appointed Ricarte as secretary and Daniel Tirona distributed a piece of paper that would become a ballot for the members. - Mr. Diego Mojica said to the Supremo that many of the ballots were already filled out and the voters had not done it themselves. But the Supremo ignored this remark. - The election proceeded, Tirona opposed the election of Bonifacio as the Director of the Interior (refer to the previous slide for the result). - The Supremo greatly embarrassed, quickly stood up and said that they have to abide the decision of the majority and Daniel Tirona must apologized. Santiago Alvarez’s account - The he pulled out his revolver and took aim to Tirona but out of fear, the latter slid away in the crowd. - Disorder ensued as the convention secretary ( Ricarte) disarm the Supremo. - “In my capacity as chairman of this convention and as President – Supremo of the Most Venerable Katipunan of the Sons of the People which association is known and acknowledged by all, I hereby declare null and void all matters approved in this meeting. - Then he left quickly and was followed by his aides and some other present.  Which of the three accounts is more accurate and true?