Stoichiometric Calculations for Reactions in Solution PDF

Stoichiometric Calculations for Reactions in Solution Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in certain chemical reactions. It applies the law of conservation of mass wherein the total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the pr...

Stoichiometric Calculations for Reactions in Solution Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in certain chemical reactions. It applies the law of conservation of mass wherein the total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the products, leading to the insight that the relations among the value or amount of reactants and products typically This implies that if the amounts of the separate reactants are known, then the amount of the product can be calculated and vice versa. It shows that one molecule of methane, CH4reacts with two molecules of oxygen gas, O2 to produce one molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2 and two molecules of water, H2O. This Stoichiometry measures these numerical relationships and is used to calculate the amount of products and reactants that are produced or Elements in the periodic table have a different atomic mass, and as collections of single atoms or molecules have a fixed molar mass, measured with the unit mole (6.02 × individual molecules, Avogadro's constant). Carbon-12 has a molar mass of 12 g/mol. Thus, to compute the stoichiometry by mass, the number of molecules needed for each reactant is expressed in moles multiplied by the molar mass of each to give the mass of each reactant per mole of Determining the Amount of Product  Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Combination reaction, also known as a synthesis reaction - is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single new substance. Combination reactions can also be called synthesis reactions.The general form of a combination reaction is: One combination reaction is two elements combining to form a compound. Solid sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas to product solid sodium chloride. Notice that in order to write and balance the equation correctly, it is important to remember the seven elements that exist in nature as diatomic molecules ( H2, N2, 2. Decomposition Reactions - is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. The general form of a decomposition reaction is: Most decomposition reactions require an input of energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity. Binary compounds are compounds composed of just two elements. The simplest kind of decomposition reaction is when a binary compound decomposes into its elements. Mercury (II) oxide, a red solid, decomposes when heated to produce mercury and oxygen gas. 3. Single-Replacement Reactions A single-replacement reaction is a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound. The general form of a single-replacement (also called single-displacement) reaction is: In this general reaction, element A is a metal and replaces element B, also a metal, in the compound. When the element that is doing the replacing is a nonmetal, it must replace another nonmetal in a compound, and the general equation becomes: Stoichiometric Calculations The coefficients in the balanced equation give the ratio of moles of reactants and products. Reaction Stoichiometry in Solutions We can perform stoichiometric calculations for aqueous phase reactions just as we can for reactions in solid, liquid, or gas phases. Stoichiometry allows us to work in solution by giving us the Molarity is a unit that is often abbreviated as capital M. It is defined as the moles of a substance contained in one liter of solution. For instance, if a solution has a concentration of 1.20 M NaCl, this means that there are 1.20 moles of NaCl