Stoichiometry Calculations PDF

Calculations from Chemical Equations (Stoichiometry) GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 MOLE RATIO The combustion of methane, CH4 𝑪𝑯𝟒 + 𝟐𝑶𝟐 → 𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2...

Calculations from Chemical Equations (Stoichiometry) GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 MOLE RATIO The combustion of methane, CH4 𝑪𝑯𝟒 + 𝟐𝑶𝟐 → 𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 MOLE RATIO The combustion of methane, CH4 𝑪𝑯𝟒 + 𝟐𝑶𝟐 → 𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2  MOLE RATIO The combustion of methane, CH4 𝐶𝐻4 + 2𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 How many moles of carbon dioxide will be produced by burning 5 moles of methane? 𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛𝑜. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑟𝑒𝑥 ′ 𝑛) = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛𝑜. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑟𝑒𝑥 ′ 𝑛)  MOLE RATIO The combustion of methane, CH4 𝐶𝐻4 + 2𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 How many moles of carbon dioxide will be produced by burning 5 moles of methane? 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2 𝑛𝐶𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2 𝑛𝐶𝑂2 = × 5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 = 5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝐻4 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝐻4 𝒏𝑪𝑶𝟐 = 𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑪𝑶𝟐 MOLE RATIO Determine the number of moles of oxygen reacted with hydrogen to produce 12 moles of water. 2 𝑯𝟐 + 𝑶𝟐 → 2 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑛𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑂2 = 12 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑂2 𝑛𝑂2 = × 12 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂 𝒏𝑶𝟐 = 𝟔 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 How many moles of binary acid must react with a base to produce 15 moles of aluminum bromide in a neutralization reaction. 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑒, 𝐴𝑙𝐵𝑟3 (𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡) ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑, 𝐻𝐵𝑟(𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑) 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒, 𝐴𝑙(𝑂𝐻)3 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) 𝟑𝑯𝑩𝒓 + 𝑨𝒍(𝑶𝑯)𝟑 → 𝑨𝒍𝑩𝒓𝟑 + 𝟑𝑯𝟐 𝑶 𝑛𝐻𝐵𝑟 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝐵𝑟 = 15 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑙𝐵𝑟3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑙𝐵𝑟3 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻𝐵𝑟 𝑛𝐻𝐵𝑟 = × 15 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑙𝐵𝑟3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑙𝐵𝑟3 𝒏𝑯𝑩𝒓 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑯𝑩𝒓 Mole-Mass Calculation Mole to mass Mass to mole Mass to mass Mole to Mass Calculation mole ratio  mole of desired substance mass of desired substance Mole-Mass Calculation Mole to mass Mass to mole Mass to mass Mass to Mole Calculation mass to mole mole ratio  mole of desired substance Mole-Mass Calculation Mole to mass Mass to mole Mass to mass Mass to Mass Calculation mass to mole mole ratio  mole of desired substance  mass of desired substance Mole-Mass Calculation A complete combustion of 10 moles of ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is done producing carbon dioxide and water. Determine the mass of carbon dioxide produced. mole ratio mole of desired substance mass of desired substance 𝟐𝑪𝟐 𝑯𝟓 𝑶𝑯 + 𝟕𝑶𝟐 → 𝟒𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝟔𝑯𝟐 𝑶 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 7 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝐶𝑂2 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑂2 = 10 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 𝒏𝑪𝑶𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 Mole-Mass Calculation A complete combustion of 10 moles of ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is done producing carbon dioxide and water. Determine the mass of carbon dioxide produced. mole ratio mole of desired substance mass of desired substance 𝟐𝑪𝟐 𝑯𝟓 𝑶𝑯 + 𝟕𝑶𝟐 → 𝟒𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝟔𝑯𝟐 𝑶 𝒏𝑪𝑶𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝐶𝑂2 = 𝑛𝐶𝑂2 × 𝑀𝑊𝐶𝑂2 𝑔 𝑀𝑊𝐶𝑂2 = 12 + (16 × 2) 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝐶𝑂2 = 20 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 44 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑀𝑊𝐶𝑂2 = 44 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝑪𝑶𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖𝟎 𝒈 Mass to Mole Calculation If 50 grams of sodium is completely synthesized with chlorine to form sodium chloride, how many moles of salt was formed? 𝟐𝑵𝒂 + 𝑪𝒍𝟐 → 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 mass to mole mole ratio  mole of desired substance 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑁𝑎 𝑛𝑁𝑎 = 𝑛𝑁𝑎 = 2.17 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑊𝑁𝑎 50 𝑔 𝑛𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 𝑛𝑁𝑎 = 𝑔 = 23 2.17 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝒏𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔