Lesson 7 Energy Resources PDF

ENERGY RESOURCES LESSON 7 At the end of the module, you are expected to do the following State the importance of energy and its various sources and uses Explain how fossil fuels are formed Discuss how geothermal energy from Earth’s lithosphere  Minerals are nonrenewabl...

ENERGY RESOURCES LESSON 7 At the end of the module, you are expected to do the following State the importance of energy and its various sources and uses Explain how fossil fuels are formed Discuss how geothermal energy from Earth’s lithosphere  Minerals are nonrenewable resources because they take a very long time to be produced. Minerals such as coal are used as energy sources known as fossils fuels. However, because there is a limited supply of fossil fuel, we have to consider alternative sources to provide us safe and renewable resources that can supply us with an unlimited supply of energy.  Types of Resources Earth is rich in natural resources. Renewable resources are resources that can be easily replaced on a human life timescale.  Types of Resources Nonrenewable resources are resources that cannot easily be replaced or take a very long time to be produced.  Non-Renewable Energy Fossil fuels are the most common nonrenewable source of energy. They are derived from the remains of dead plants and animals millions of years ago, sometimes exceeding 650 million years.  Non-Renewable Energy Those remains of dead plants and animals were buried and fossilized in Earth’s crust; hence these types of fuel are found beneath Earth’s surface and are composed primarily of a high content of hydrocarbons (compounds made up primarily of carbon and hydrogen). This energy source is used as fuel for automobiles, trucks, airplanes, trains, and ships. It also used to power industrial manufacturing processes and to provide heat, light, and energy for homes and businesses.  COAL Is a type of fossil fuel that is a nonrenewable source of energy. It is a solid rock form of fossil fuels that originated from dead plant and animal matter that pilled up in layers over millions of years ago.  COAL Its material composed of carbon and variable quantities of other elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. It is usually occur in rock strata as layers or veins called coal seams or coals beds. It can be extracted using two methods: surface and underground mining.  COALIFICATION Is the process of coal formation wherein the plants in a swamp on the edge of a sedimentary basin, such as a lagoon or a lake, underwent chemical decay due to tectonic activities or other natural phenomena, which cause the level of water to rise and then cover and ultimately kill the vegetation.  COALIFICATION The accumulated plant debris was buried under layers of mud and sand in a process known as sedimentation, which occur over a long period of time. This process protected the plant matter from the air and slowed down their decomposition. Continuous sedimentation due to heat and pressure under Earth gradually transformed the plant matter into coal. The favorable conditions for the formation of coal occurred during the Carboniferous period TYPES OF COAL PEAT – this is partially decayed matter found in swamps with low heat and low levels of carbon. TYPES OF COAL LIGNITE (BROWN COAL) – it contains low heat and sulfur content, limited supplies in most areas. It contain about 40% carbon TYPES OF COAL SUB-BITUMINOUS (MEDIUM SOFT COAL) – it contains less moisture than lignite, with 35-45% carbon content TYPES OF COAL BITUMINOUS (SOFT COAL) – it is frequently used as fuel due to its high heat and large supply. It has high sulfur content and 85% carbon TYPES OF COAL ANTHRACITE (HARD COAL) – it is a high preferred fuel due to its high heat content and low sulfur content. It contains about 95% carbon  CRUDE OIL Also known as petroleum, is a liquid type of fossil fuel composed mostly of hydrocarbons. It is considered one of the most important sources of energy in the world. Like coal, petroleum originates from the remains of organism such as marine plants, algae, and bacteria that existed millions of years ago. These can be extracted by drilling on land or at sea.  CRUDE OIL It can also be extracted through a method of surface mining, such as strip mining in the case of tar sands oil and oil shale. Once extracted, this oil will be transported to refineries to transform it into usable fuel such as propane, kerosene, and gasoline. It can be refined to make polymers for the production of plastics and paint products. All these and more make crude oil one of the main factors that dictate the prices of goods and even services. Formation of Petroleum and Natural gas  NATURAL GAS It like other types of fossil fuels, originates from the remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live millions of years ago. It is colorless and odorless hydrocarbon gas made up mainly of methane.  NATURAL GAS Conventional natural gases are gases found in porous or permeable rock beds or mixed oil reservoirs, which can be extracted through drilling. Unconventional natural gases are those that are too difficult or expensive to extract and require a stimulation technique such fracking. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Solar energy- is derived from the sun’s radiation and converted into electrical energy through photovoltaic or solar panels. Although this energy is free and can last for billion years, its production cost and energy storage are high. It also needs a vast area of land to set up the solar panels. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Biomass - is a type of energy derived from grassy and woody plants, agriculture, and forestry residues, oil-rich algae, and other organic waste. The energy from these types of organic matter is transformed into usable enrgy to produce heat, electricity, and fuel for various modes of transportation. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Wind energy - is produced from the turbines in wind mills aerogenerators. It is used to generate electricity and pump groundwater. It is an indirect form of solar energy. This form of energy is expensive to produce and can only be used in windy areas. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Geothermal energy – is when heat from cooling magma heats groundwater near Earth’s surface. It is a type of renewable resource because heat is continually produced underneath Earth’s surface. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Hydroelectric power– also known as hydropower, uses the force of falling or moving water to produce electricity by converting the water’s kinetic energy into mechanical or electrical energy. This type of energy is one of the primary suppliers of electricity in the world due to its reliability and low-cost production. TYPES OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS PUMPED RUN-OF-RIVER IMPOUNDMENT STORAGE DIVERSION PUMPED STORAGE HYDROPOWER PLANTS This type of hydropower plant works as a battery for other source such as solar and wind. When there is an excess supply. It stores energy by pumping water uphill to a reservoir at a higher elevation. During periods where the demand for the supply is high, the water is pumped back to the lower reservoir and drives the turbine to generate electricity. RUN-OF-RIVER HYDROPOWER PLANTS It is also known as a diversion of hydropower plant, a facility that may not require the use of a dam because, generally, it does not impound water in a reservoir. Instead, it channels a portion of a river through a penstock or canal. IMPOUNDMENT HYDROPOWER PLANTS This is usually a large hydropower system capable of producing electricity up to more than 10 megawatts. A dam is used to store water in a reservoir that can be released as required to meet the demand for supply or maintain a constant reservoir level. Water released from the turbine to activate the generator and produce electricity. HYDRO POWER PLANTS ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THEIR CAPACITY TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY TO SUPPLY DEMANDS MICRO POWER PLANT – has a capacity of 1 to 100 kilowatts. It can produce electricity enough to power a home, farm, ranch, or village small POWER PLANT – has a capacity of 101 kilowatts to 10 megawatts. It can produce electricity to power a home, farm, ranch or village  LARGE POWER PLANT – is a facility that has the capacity to generate electricity of more than 30 megawatts Advantages of Hydroelectric Power It emits minimal pollution because fuel is not burned during the production of electricity. The water provided to power plant is a renewable resource. It has comparatively low operation and maintenance costs. It is proven to be a reliable and effective energy source Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Power Investment cost is high It is dependent on precipitation because it uses water as its source of energy. It results in the displacement of wildlife and local inhabitants. thank you reallygreatsite.com