Lesson 4 - Non-Communicable Diseases PDF

Non-communicable Diseases Biology: Health, Lifestyle, and Infection Lesson 1: Pathogens Lesson 2: How the Body Defends Itself Lesson 3: Antimicrobials and Vaccines Lesson 4: Diseases You Can’t Catch Lesson 5: Lifestyle and Risk Factors Lesson 6: Drugs Lesson 7: Review Lesson 8: Test Learning Goal...

Non-communicable Diseases Biology: Health, Lifestyle, and Infection Lesson 1: Pathogens Lesson 2: How the Body Defends Itself Lesson 3: Antimicrobials and Vaccines Lesson 4: Diseases You Can’t Catch Lesson 5: Lifestyle and Risk Factors Lesson 6: Drugs Lesson 7: Review Lesson 8: Test Learning Goals Be able to describe the following health conditions: Heart disease Cancer COPD/lung infections Diabetes Alzheimer’s disease Stroke Understand what a risk factor is and know some of the risk factors for these diseases. Recap- Antimicrobials A. What is an antimicrobial? B. What is an antibiotic? Recap- Vaccines Explain how vaccines work. Recap- Vaccines Explain antibiotic resistance. Recap- Communicable vs Non-communicable What’s the difference between communicable and non- communicable diseases? Communicable vs Non-communicable There are some infections, diseases, and health conditions that you can catch/get. There are others that you can’t. Communicable vs Non-communicable A communicable disease (also called infectious disease) is something that you can catch from someone else. It is caused by a pathogen. A non-communicable disease (also called non-infectious disease) is something you do not catch from someone else. It is not caused by a pathogen. Communicable vs Non-communicable Examples of communicable diseases. Communicable vs Non-communicable Examples of non-communicable diseases. Risk Factors We cannot catch non-communicable diseases from other people, but we all have a chance of getting a non- communicable disease. Our behaviours (things we do and don’t do) can increase our chance of getting a non-communicable disease. Risk Factors A risk factor is something increases our chances of getting a non-communicable disease. Risk Factors What are some risk factors for non-communicable diseases? Risk Factors Risk Factors Our genes can also increase our chance of getting some non-communicable diseases. Recap- Cholesterol Explain how a heart attack happens. Heart Disease The heart needs its own supply of blood. If the coronary arteries get blocked with plaque, it can result in a heart attack. Risk Factors- Heart Disease What are some risk factors for heart disease? Risk Factors- Heart Disease Cancer Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably and form a tumour. This is caused by damage to the cell’s DNA. Cancer Tumours can be benign (don’t spread) or malignant (spread). Cancer Tumours become deadly when they become so large that they prevent our organs from working properly. Risk Factors- Cancer What are some risk factors for cancer? Risk Factors- Cancer Smoking Smoking can cause lung cancer. Any guesses what else smoking can do? Recap- Respiratory System What is the name of the structure where gas exchange occurs? Smoking Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals). These chemicals can cause cancer in the mouth and throat, in addition to the lungs. Smoking Tobacco smoke also damages the walls of the alveoli. This means that gas exchange cannot happen properly. This leads to health conditions such as COPD, emphysema, and bronchitis. There is also a link between vaping and COPD. Smoking Recap- Cholesterol What is a plaque? Recap- Nervous System What is the name of this cell? Alzheimer’s Disease In Alzheimer’s disease, clumps of proteins form in the brain. This destroys neurons. Alzheimer’s Disease There will be a gradual loss of memory (dementia). In the final stages of the disease, there is a complete lack of control (can’t swallow or breathe). Risk Factors- Alzheimer’s Disease What are some risk factors for Alzheimer's? Risk Factors- Alzheimer’s Disease Recap- Pancreas What is the job of the pancreas? Diabetes Insulin controls blood sugar levels. Diabetes There are 2 types of diabetes: Type 1- You are born with it. The pancreas cannot produce insulin. Diabetes There are 2 types of diabetes: Type 2- You develop it. The body becomes resistant to insulin. Diabetes Too much sugar in our blood can be dangerous and lead to complications. Risk Factors- Type 2 Diabetes What are some risk factors for type 2 diabetes? Risk Factors- Type 2 Diabetes Recap- Stroke How does a stroke occur? Stroke A stroke occurs when the carotid artery (artery that goes to the brain) gets blocked by plaque which blocks blood flow. A stroke can also occur if one of the blood vessels to the brain ruptures. This causes your brain to not get oxygen and parts of the brain will die. Risk Factors- Stroke What are some risk factors for strokes? Risk Factors- Strokes  Summary Disease Effect Risk Factors Heart disease Blockage of blood flow to Genes, age, diet, exercise, stress, smoking, the heart weight Cancer Uncontrolled cell growth Genes, age, smoking, weight, alcohol, radiation, some viruses Lung disease Damage to the alveoli Smoking, air pollution, possibly vaping Alzheimer’s Plaques form in the brain. Genes, age, diet, diabetes, exercise disease Gradual loss of neurons Diabetes Body can’t control blood Type 1- genetic sugar levels Type 2- diet and exercise Stroke Blockage of blood flow to Genes, smoking, weight, exercise, alcohol the brain consumption, diet stress Learning Goals Be able to describe the following health conditions: Heart disease Cancer COPD/lung infections Diabetes Alzheimer’s disease Stroke Understand what a risk factor is and know some of the risk factors for these diseases.