Lesson 4- Need for Materials with Various Qualities PDF

​ Footing -​ Concrete: To distribute the weight of the building to the soil, resist cracking, and protect against corrosion from soil and water. -​ Steel Reinforcement (Rebar): To provide strength and resistance to cracking under pressure. -​ Waterproofing Membrane: To prevent moi...

​ Footing -​ Concrete: To distribute the weight of the building to the soil, resist cracking, and protect against corrosion from soil and water. -​ Steel Reinforcement (Rebar): To provide strength and resistance to cracking under pressure. -​ Waterproofing Membrane: To prevent moisture infiltration and protect from corrosive elements in the soil. ​ Basement Floor -​ Concrete: To provide a smooth surface, resist wear, and handle upward water pressure and uneven soil settlement. -​ Steel Reinforcement (Rebar): For added structural strength and to resist cracking. -​ Waterproofing Membrane: To keep moisture out and protect against water damage. -​ Polyethylene Vapor Barrier: To prevent moisture from seeping through the floor. -​ Cementitious or Epoxy Coating: To resist corrosion from soil and water. ​ Basement Walls -​ Concrete or Concrete Blocks: To support the building, resist lateral side pressure from the earth, and provide a moisture barrier. -​ Steel Reinforcement (Rebar): To strengthen the concrete and resist cracking due to pressure and uneven settlement. -​ Waterproofing Membrane or Coating: To keep moisture out and prevent water infiltration. -​ Drainage System (e.g., French Drain): To manage water flow around the foundation and reduce hydrostatic pressure on the walls. -​ Corrosion-resistant Coating (e.g., Epoxy): To protect against corrosion from soil and water. ​ Other Floors and Ceilings -​ Concrete Slab (for floors): To provide a durable, smooth surface that resists wear and supports loads. -​ Wood or Steel Beams: For structural support, depending on the design and the need to avoid excessive sagging. -​ Plywood or Concrete Panels (for ceilings and floors): To form a solid, stable surface. -​ Vapor Barrier or Insulation: To control moisture and temperature. -​ Finishing Materials (e.g., Flooring Tiles, Hardwood, or Carpet): For appearance and additional wear resistance. ​ Outside Walls -​ Structural Frame (Wood, Steel, or Concrete): To support the floors and roof, providing stability and strength. -​ Concrete Blocks: For load-bearing walls that resist lateral wind pressure and provide structural support. -​ Insulation (Fiberglass, Mineral Wool, or Foam Board): To insulate against heat and noise transmission. -​ Exterior Finish (Stucco, Siding, or Paint): For aesthetic appeal, providing a satisfactory appearance and additional weather protection. ​ Partitions -​ Wood Studs or Steel Studs: To form the structural framework for internal partitions that support the floors and roof. -​ Gypsum Board (Drywall): To provide a smooth and finishable surface for the partition, contributing to appearance and noise reduction. -​ Mineral Wool or Fiberglass Insulation: To provide noise insulation between rooms or areas and prevent sound transmission. ​ 7. Roof -​ Roof Decking (Wood, Plywood, or OSB): To provide a solid surface for laying roofing materials and support snow and other loads. -​ Trusses or Rafters (Wood or Steel): For the structural framework to support the weight of the roof, snow, and wind forces. -​ Insulation (Fiberglass, Foam Board, or Spray Foam): To insulate against heat and noise transmission and provide thermal efficiency. -​ Waterproof Roofing Membrane (e.g., EPDM, TPO, or Modified Bitumen): To keep moisture out and prevent leaks from rain or snow. -​ Roofing Shingles or Tiles (Asphalt, Clay, or Slate): For the outer protective layer, providing durability and aesthetic appeal.