Lesson-4 Evolution Students' Copy PDF

Cultural, Social, Political, UCSP Quarter 3 Week 4 and Economic Symbols and Practices  After going through this lesson, you are expected to: 1. Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early modern humans; 2. Describe the sociocultural advancements that happened during hominization; 3. An...

Cultural, Social, Political, UCSP Quarter 3 Week 4 and Economic Symbols and Practices  After going through this lesson, you are expected to: 1. Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early modern humans; 2. Describe the sociocultural advancements that happened during hominization; 3. Analyze key feature of interrelationships of bio- cultural, cultural and socio-political processes in human evolution that can still be used and developed Interpret the Picture Examine the picture. What does it represent? How does it explain man’s development?  What is Evolution? Evolution assumes that simple organisms somehow came from nothing in the very beginning and evolved over time into complex organisms like human beings. It is a natural process of biological changes occurring in a population across successive generations. ❑ In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. ❑ The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time. ❑ It was first formulated by Charles Darwin in his book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. From Ape to Human Australopithecus The fossil which assumes to be the intermediate between Man and Ape divided into four species based on the thin teeth, jaw and brain size. They are: 1. Australopithecus Afarensis 2. Australopithecus Africanus 3. Australopithecus Robustus 4. Australopithecus Boisei Hominization The evolutionary development of human characteristics that differentiate hominids (organisms belonging in the Homo genus) distinct from their primate ancestors. Hominids Hominids differ from their predecessor, the australopithecines, in the series that they were the: - first to use stone tools for survival - Both are known to be bipedal - Have expanded brains enlarged bodies - Less sexual dimorphism - Narrower limb proportions - Reduce size of cheek, teeth and crania The Evolution of the Genus Homo Homo Homo habilis rudolfensis Homo Homo erectus sapiens sapiens Homo heidelbergensis Homo sapiens neandarthalensis Homo Homo sapiens floresiensis Homo habilis ❑ Species with a brain of a Broca’s area which is associated with speech in modern humans ❑ Was the first to make stone tools ❑ The species name means “Handy Man” Lived about 2.4 to Go 1.4 million years ago scavenging Back! for food.  Go Homo rudolfensis Back! ❑ Species characterized by a longer face, larger molar and premolar teeth, and having a larger braincase compared to Habilis, particularly larger frontal lobes – areas of the brain that processes information ❑ Lived about 1.9 to 1.8 million years ago. Homo erectus ❑ The species name means “Upright Man” with body proportions similar to that of modern humans ❑ Adapted to hot climates and mostly spread in Africa and Asia. ❑ They were the first hunters with improvised tools such as axes and knives, and the first to produce fire Go ❑ Lived about 1.89 million to Back! 143,000 years ago. Homo heidelbergensis ❑ Species with large brow ridge and short wide bodies ❑ They were the first early humans to live in colder climates ❑ First to hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and first to construct human shelters ❑ Lived about 700,000 to 200,000 Go years ago in Europe and Africa Back! Homo floresiensis ❑ Species nicknamed “Hobbit” due to small stature with height of more or less 3 feet. ❑ Lived about 900,000 to 17,000 years ago in the island of Flores, Indonesia Go along with other dwarfed Back! animal species.  Go Homo sapiens Back! ❑ The species means “Wise Man.” ❑ Appeared from 200,000 years ago. ❑ The present human belongs to this species. ❑ Subspecies with short yet stocky body Go build adapted to winter climates Back! especially in icy cold places in Europe and Asia. ❑ The first to practice burial of their dead, hunting and gathering food, and sewing clothes from animal skin using bone needles. ❑ Lived from 200,000 to 28,000 years ago, the subspecies is the closest relative of modern humans. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis  Homo sapiens sapiens ❑ Subspecies known ❑ They express as Cro-Magnon their feelings by characterized to drawing and have erect posture making and anatomically sculptures in modern humans cave. and crafting decorated tools ❑ Lived in the last Ice Age and accessories. of Europe from 40,000 Go to 10,000 years ago. Back! Early Humans and Their Culture Humanization Humanization is the long process of improving the humans’ everyday living through innovation, discovery, enhancing routines and creating mechanism with the intention of harmonizing and harnessing the fullest potentials of their fellow human beings. Paleolithic Age Traditionally coincided with the first tool construction and use some 2.5 million years ago. Cultural Development: ❑ Use of simple pebble tools ❑ Learned to live in caves ❑ Discovered the use of fire ❑ Developed small sculptures and monumental painting, incised designs on walls of caves. ❑ Food-collecting culture Mesolithic Age Occurred about 10,000 BC to 8,000 BC Cultural Development: ❑ Used small stone tools attached to antlers ❑ Bone or wood serve as spears and arrows ❑ They often lived nomadically in camp near rivers ❑ Agriculture was introduced Neolithic Age Occurred sometime about 10,000 BCE Cultural Development: ❑ Stone tools were shaped by polishing or grinding ❑ Settlement in permanent villages ❑ Dependence on domesticated plants and animals ❑ Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving ❑ Food-producing culture Bronze Age ❑ About 3,000 BC to 1,300 BC ❑ Metalworking advances were made, as bronze was discovered Cultural Development: ❑ Harder metal replaced its stone predecessors ❑ Innovations including the ox-drawn plow and the wheel ❑ Textiles (clothing) consisted of mostly wool items ❑ Home dwelling morphed so called roundhouse ❑ Organized government, law and welfare ❑ Advances in architecture and art ❑ Invention of the potter’s wheel Iron Age ❑ Roughly 1300 BC to 900 BC ❑ Discovery of ways to heat and forge iron ❑ Cultural Development: ❑ Metal was seen as more precious than gold ❑ Mass production of steel tools and weapons ❑ Advances in architecture, with four room home ❑ Agriculture, art and religion all became more sophisticated ❑ Writing systems emerge  The change in economic aspect have resulted in the transformation of man’s way of life. Early societies started to emerge as a result of man’s interaction with his environment. 1. Hunting and Food-Gathering Society ❑ The earliest form of human society ❑ People survived by foraging for vegetable foods, fishing, hunting large wild animals, and collecting shellfish ❑ They substituted from day- to-day on whatever was available ❑ They used tools made of stones, woods, and bones 2. Pastoral Society ❑ It relied on herding and the domestication of animals for food and clothing to satisfy the greater needs of the group ❑ Most pastoralists were nomads who followed their herds in a never ending quest for pasture and water ❑ It was organized along male-centered kinship group. 3. Horticultural Society ❑ People learned to use human muscle power and hand- held tools to cultivate fields ❑ Subsistence Farming - Involves only producing enough food to feed the group 4. Agricultural Society ❑ These societies were characterized by the use of plow in farming ❑ Creation of the irrigation system provided farming enough surplus for the community ❑ Ever-growing populations came together in broad river-valley system ❑ Surplus Farming - Practiced in thickly populated and permanent settlements 5. Industrial Society ❑ More than just the use of mechanical means of production ❑ Requires an immense, diverse, specialized, highly- skilled, and well-coordinated labor force ❑ Brought about a tremendous shift of populations 6. Post-Industrial Society ❑ It depends on specialized knowledge to bring about continuing progress in technology ❑ It is characterized by the spread of computer industries ❑ Knowledge and information are the hallmarks of this society Key Features of Evolution ❑ Biological, cultural and sociopolitical evolution are all interconnected and interrelated ❑ Changes may be gradual or sometimes relatively quick ❑ Evolution is from simple to complex ❑ It occurs simultaneously in multiple CREDITS: This presentation template was created by aspects Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik ❑ It is continuous ❑ It allows us to do many marvelous things  That’s all for now! ☺ Thank you for listening! CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik