Human Evolution: Symbols & Practices

The three main expectations are to trace the biological and cultural evolution of early modern humans, describe the sociocultural advancements that happened during hominization, and analyze key features of interrelationships of bio-cultural, cultural and socio-political processes in human evolution.

The picture on page 3 represents a dinosaur standing in front of a sign that reads 'Evolve or Die'. The message it wants to convey is that for species to survive, they must evolve and adapt to changing environments.

The illustration shows the evolution of man from ape to modern human with the use of technology. It represents a progression through stages like bipedalism, tool use, and eventually, the digital age.

<p>Evolution is a natural process of biological changes that occur in a population across successive generations. It is based on the theory that all species are related and gradually change over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Darwin formulated the theory of evolution. His book, &quot;On the Origin of Species,&quot; was published in 1859.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four species of Australopithecus are Australopithecus Afarensis, Australopithecus Africanus, Australopithecus Robustus, and Australopithecus Boisei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hominids differ from their primate ancestors in several key ways: they were the first to use stone tools for survival, they are known to be bipedal, they have expanded brains and enlarged bodies, they exhibit less sexual dimorphism, they have narrower limb proportions, and they have a reduced size of cheek, teeth, and crania.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo floresiensis, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens sapiens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The species name 'Homo habilis' means 'Handy Man'. It is significant because they were the first to make stone tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homo rudolfensis is characterized by a longer face, larger molar and premolar teeth, and a larger braincase compared to Homo habilis. They also have larger frontal lobes, which are areas of the brain that process information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Homo erectus' means 'Upright Man'. They had body proportions similar to modern humans, adapted to hot climates, and were the first hunters with improvised tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homo heidelbergensis was the first early human to live in colder climates. They were the first to hunt large animals on a routine basis using spears and the first to construct human shelters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homo floresiensis was nicknamed &quot;Hobbit&quot; due to their small stature, typically around 3 feet tall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Homo sapiens' means &quot;Wise Man.&quot; They appeared about 200,000 years ago and the present human belongs to this species. They are known for their ability to express emotions through art and social structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homo sapiens neanderthalensis had a short yet stocky body build adapted to cold climates, were the first to practice burial rituals, and were skilled hunters and gatherers. They are considered the closest relative to modern humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Homo sapiens sapiens' are known as Cro-Magnon, characterized by their erect posture and anatomically modern humans. They express their feelings through art, such as sculptures and cave paintings, and create intricately decorated tools, demonstrating advanced cognitive abilities and sophisticated social interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humanization is a long process of improving human everyday living through innovation, discovery, enhancing routines, and creating mechanisms. It aims to harmonize and harness the full potential of fellow human beings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Paleolithic Age, starting about 2.5 million years ago, was characterized by the first tool construction and use. People developed simple pebble tools, learned to live in caves, discovered the use of fire, and created cave paintings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mesolithic Age, occurring from approximately 10,000 BC to 8,000 BC, saw the development of small stone tools attached to antlers, bone and wood spears and arrows, and the adoption of a nomadic lifestyle near rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Neolithic Age, starting around 10,000 BCE, brought about the shaping of stone tools by polishing or grinding, the establishment of permanent villages, and the dependence on domesticated plants and animals. Additionally, pottery and weaving emerged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bronze Age, spanning from approximately 3,000 BC to 1,300 BC, was characterized by advancements in metalworking with the discovery of bronze. This period also saw the development of the ox-drawn plow, the wheel, and the invention of the potter's wheel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Iron Age spanned from around 1300 BC to 900 BC. It brought about the discovery of ways to heat and forge iron, marking a significant shift in metalworking. It also saw the mass production of steel tools and weapons and significant advancements in architecture, with the emergence of four-room homes. At this time, agriculture, art, and religion became more sophisticated, leading to the emergence of writing systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emergence of different types of societies is attributed to the change in economic aspects due to the adaptation of humans to their environment. As humans found new ways to meet their needs like farming and herding, their social structures and ways of life evolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This type of society is known for its reliance on foraging, fishing, hunting, and gathering resources for survival, with people adapting their daily routines based on the availability of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pastoral Society is characterized by its reliance on herding and the domestication of animals. This allowed them to satisfy the greater needs of their group for food and clothing. They mostly led a nomadic lifestyle, following their herds in search of pasture and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Horticultural Society developed the use of human muscle power and hand-held tools to cultivate fields, engaging in subsistence farming where they produce only enough food for their group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Agricultural Society, which emerged around the time of the Bronze Age and Iron Age, was characterized by the use of the plow in farming and the development of irrigation systems. This increased food surplus for the community, leading to larger populations congregating along river valleys. This society also practiced a surplus-based farming system, with the excess food allowing for more specialized roles within the community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Industrial Society is defined by its reliance on mechanical means of production and the use of a diverse and specialized workforce. It led to a significant shift in populations from rural areas to industrial centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Post-Industrial Society is driven by specialized knowledge and the advancement of technology, particularly in the computer field. It is characterized by the importance of information and knowledge as key components of its economy and society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs simultaneously in multiple aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers