Minerals Lesson-3.2 PDF

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Composition of Minerals  Chemical Properties Show the presence and arrangement of atoms in minerals. Minerals are identified by how they react to certain substances.  Classes of Minerals Silicate class Element class Sulphate...

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Composition of Minerals  Chemical Properties Show the presence and arrangement of atoms in minerals. Minerals are identified by how they react to certain substances.  Classes of Minerals Silicate class Element class Sulphate class Carbonate class Halide class Phosphate class  Talc Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ Bridgmanite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Muscovite KAl3Si3O10(OH,F)2 Silicate Class  Silicates Largest group of minerals Contains of Silicon and Oxygen with some Aluminum, Magnesium, Iron and Calcium  Silicates Silicates are extremely important in the cement, ceramic and glass industries.  Common Examples Quartz SiO2  Common Examples Peridote (Olivine) 2+ (Mg , 2+ Fe )2SiO4 Carbonate Class  Carbonates Composed of metallic elements and a Carbon atom centrally located in an equilateral triangle of oxygen atoms.  Carbonates o Deposited in marine environments. o Shells of aquatic animals. o Places with high evaporation rates.  Common Examples Calcite CaCO₃  Common Examples Aragonite CaCO₃  Common Examples Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Sulphate Class  Sulfates o It is basically composed of Sulphur and Oxygen atoms.  Sulfates o Are chemicals used as cleaning agents. o Found in household cleaners, detergent and shampoo.  Common Examples Gypsum CaSO4⋅ 2H2O.  Common Examples Barium Sulfate BaSO4  Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl Wavellite Al3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O Amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) Phosphate Class  Phosphates o A functional group characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond) bonded with metallic elements.  Phosphates o any of a group of naturally occurring inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.  Phosphates o Fertilizers for the agriculture sector. o Animal feed supplements, food preservatives and cosmetics.  Common Examples Triphylite Li(Fe,Mn)PO4  Common Examples Apatite Ca5( PO4 )3( F, Cl,OH ) Halide Class  Halides o Composed of chemical compounds that contain halogens. o Namely salts and acids  Halides o Halides can be found in minerals, animals, and plants. o The best-known halide is Table salt (NaCl).  Common Examples Halite (Rock Salt) NaCl  Common Examples Sylvite KCl Element Class  Native Elements o Contains pure native elements. o Usually metals o Pure form