Atomic Number and Synthesis of Elements - Lesson 2 Part 3 PDF

1. It is a device that is used to speed up the protons to overcome the repulsion between the protons and the target atomic nuclei by using magnetic and electrical fields. a. Spectroscopy b. Particle Decelerator c. Particle Accelerator C. d. Microscope 2. He created a classification o...

1. It is a device that is used to speed up the protons to overcome the repulsion between the protons and the target atomic nuclei by using magnetic and electrical fields. a. Spectroscopy b. Particle Decelerator c. Particle Accelerator C. d. Microscope 2. He created a classification of elements based on their atomic weight. a. Rutherford b. Dalton c. Millikan D. d. Mendeleev 3. It is a one-dimensional point which contains a huge mass in an infinitely small space. a. Nucleosynthesis b. Dilation c. Singularity C. d. R-process 4. He noticed that shooting electrons at elements caused them to release x-rays at unique frequencies. a. Mendeleev b. Millikan c. Moseley C. d. Serge 5. He synthesized element with atomic number 43 using a linear particle accelerator. a. Ernest Rutherford B. b. Ernest Lawrence c. Dmitri Mendeleev d. John Dalton  Week 1 Concept of Atomic Number Ledto the Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory  ELEMENTS  made up of tiny particles, the neutron, proton and electron. BIG BANG & Formation of the Elements  Very Hot, very dense and expanding BIG BANG & Formation of the Elements Result of an explosion of indiscribable intensity nor due to unknown entities with super magical power that joined forces together to create the universe including the elements and matter.  The Formation of Heavier Elements The lighter elements are formed during the big bang nucleosynthesis The heavier elements are formed through the stellar nucleosynthesis. STELLAR STELLAR EVOLUTION STELLAR EVOLUTION NUCLEOSYNTHESIS Formation of During its heavy Event of Lifetime from Until its stellar Theory of elements Process changes of a Evoluntionary death: Collapse within the star. Phase of supernova. under gravity stars Protostar Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium Light Elements Low Atomic mass  Deuterium Heavy Hydrogen  HELIUM Produce when PROTON is added to Hydrogen nuclei. Proton-proton Chain (p-p chain) It describes the formation of helium nuclei out of hydrogen and proton.  Once the star has used up all its hydrogen into helium in its core, Helium is converted into heavier elements like CARBON, NITROGEM, & OXYGEN  RED GIANT STAR The core of the star CONTRACTS and WARM Our SUN generates its energy via the PRTON-PROTON CHAIN. It fuses hydrogen to helium to generates energy which sustains all life on earth  the number of protons (positively charged particles) in an atom. Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley Demonstrated that the atomic number, the number of protons in an atom, determines most of the properties of an element. Ernest Rutherford Transmutation reaction a process of transforming one element or isotope into another element.  In 1925, there were four vacancies in the periodic table corresponding to the atomic numbers 43, 61, 85, and 87. Elements with atomic numbers 43 and 85 were synthesized using particle accelerators.  Particle accelerator device that is used to speed up the protons to overcome the repulsion between the protons and the target atomic nuclei by using magnetic and electrical fields.  Elements with atomic numbers greater than 92 (atomic number of uranium) are called transuranium elements They were discovered in the laboratory using nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley He established the relationship between atomic number and the charge of the atomic nucleus. The Formation of Heavier Elements during the Star Formation and Evolution  The CNO Process Major constituents or Backbones of major classes of ORGANIC and INORGANIC compounds essential to life.  Carbon atoms Building blocks of ORGANIC compounds. (Carbohydrates & Glucose)  Nitrogen Component of Proteins, amines, amino acids.  Oxygen Essential to Life (Source of life)  The CNO Process It is a stellar nucleosynthesis via FUSION reactions in which stars in the main sequence FUSE Hydrogen into Helium via a SIX-STAGE SEQUENCE of reactions.  The CNO Process Proposed by: WEIZSACKER & BETHE Occurs when the central temperature of the star is more than 15 million Kelvin. Serve as the catalyst to PRODUCE HELIUM.  The CNO Process The number of CNO atoms DOES NOT CHANGE during the whole process. They serve to transform four protons to one HELIUM nuclei.  ISOTOPE Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons  The CNO Process It ends with the decay of NITROGEN-15 into helium and carbon atoms  The TRIPLE ALPHA PROCESS When the core temperature of the star is 100 million Kelvin and mass is M > Msun As the FUSION of three alpha particles 4 ( He) 12 to form carbon ( C)  The TRIPLE ALPHA PROCESS When red giant and supergiant stars run out of Hydrogen to burn energy, they FUSE He to generate energy which eventually produce Carbon. The TRIPLE ALPHA PROCESS  The S-process if an electron is emitted (betadecay), the nucleus moves one step up the periodic table.  The R-process Rapid here means that many neutrons are added before a beta decay occurs.  Neutron Capture Stars synthesize elements heavier than IRON…