Lesson 18 - Effects of Heat on Matter PDF

EFFECTS OF HEAT ON MATTER MR. JEROME MORALES MR. CARL FERMIL AGUINALDO GRADE 10 PHYSICS TEACHERS Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila LESSON OBJECTIVES vEnumerate and explain effects of heat on matter: - Thermal Expansion - Phase Change - Temperature Change...

EFFECTS OF HEAT ON MATTER MR. JEROME MORALES MR. CARL FERMIL AGUINALDO GRADE 10 PHYSICS TEACHERS Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila LESSON OBJECTIVES vEnumerate and explain effects of heat on matter: - Thermal Expansion - Phase Change - Temperature Change Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  T pElM aPnE eRtAaTr HEAT UyR ACTIVITY ONE PREDICT- OBSERVE- EXPLAIN TOTA KINETIC E L EQUILIBRIUM NERGY Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  INSTRUCTIONS The teacher will set-up a situation and you will predict what happens next. Then, you will observe if your prediction is correct. Afterwards, explain why your prediction is correct or not correct. Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  QUESTION NUMBER ONE HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE INITIAL STATE OF THE SPERICAL METAL BEFORE IT WAS HEATED? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  QUESTION NUMBER TWO WHAT WAS THE STATE OF THE METAL BALL AFTER IT WAS HEATED? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  QUESTION NUMBER THREE WHY DO YOU THINK THE METAL INCREASED IN VOLUME? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  QUESTION NUMBER FOUR WHAT DO YOU THINK HAPPENED AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  T pElM aPnE eRtAaTr HEAT UyR THERMAL EXPANSION TOTA KINETIC E L EQUILIBRIUM NERGY Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to Fig 1: Thermal expansion of long continuous sections of rail tracks change in volume in response to a change in is the driving force for rail buckling. This phenomenon resulted in 190 train derailments during 1998–2002 in the US alone. temperature. (An example of this is the buckling of railroad track, as seen on the left. ) Atoms and molecules in a solid, for instance, constantly oscillate around its equilibrium point. Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila DENSITY AND VOLUME AN INCREASE IN VOLUME IS A DECREASE IN DENSITY Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  THERMAL EXPANSION Can be LINEAR, AREAL, OR VOLUMETRIC Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila THERMAL EXPANSION EXPANSION COEFFICIENT TABLE Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  T pElM aPnE eRtAaTr HEAT UyR CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE TOTA KINETIC E L EQUILIBRIUM NERGY Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  QUESTION NUMBER ONE WE KNOW THAT HEAT CAN CHANGE THE TEMPERATURE OF A BODY/SYSTEM, BUT HOW MUCH HEAT IS REQUIRED TO DO SO? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substance’s temperature by 1 Celsius Degree or 1 Kelvin. 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐 △ 𝑇 Where: Q – is the heat required to change temperature m – mass of the substance c – specific Heat Capacity T – temperature of the substance/material Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila SPECIFIC HEAT TABLE Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  QUESTION NUMBER TWO WHY IS WATER USUALLY THE MATERIAL USED TO COOL OTHER MATERIALS (e.g. Beverages)? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  T pElM aPnE eRtAaTr HEAT UyR SAMPLE PROBLEMS TOTA KINETIC E L EQUILIBRIUM NERGY Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM How much heat is absorbed by a 10-kg water when its temperature is increased by 5K? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM A 5.10-kg cast-iron skillet is heated on the stove from 295 K to 450 K. How much heat had to be transferred to the iron? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM When you turn on the hot water to wash dishes, the water pipes have to heat up. How much heat is absorbed by a copper water pipe with a mass of 2.3 kilograms when its temperature is raised from 20ºC to 80ºC? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM Electric power companies sell electricity by the kWH, where 1kWH = 3.6 X 10 J. Suppose that it 6 costs P9.6 per kWH to run an electric water heater in your neighborhood. How much does it cost to heat 75 kg of water from 15K to 43K to fill a bathtub? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  T pElM aPnE eRtAaTr HEAT UyR CHANGE IN PHASE OF MATTER TOTA KINETIC E L EQUILIBRIUM NERGY Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  QUESTION WHAT AMOUNT OF HEAT INTO THIS IS REQUIRED TO TURN THIS Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila HEAT OF FUSION IS THE HEAT REQUIRED TO MELT A SOLID INTO A LIQUID. 𝑄 = 𝑚Hf Where: Q – is the heat required to turn a solid into a liquid m – mass of the solid Hf – Heat of Fusion Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila HEAT OF VAPORIZATION IS THE HEAT REQUIRED TO TURN A LIQUID INTO A GAS. 𝑄 = 𝑚Hv Where: Q – is the heat required to turn a liquid into a gas m – mass of the liquid Hf – Heat of Vaporization Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  FREEZING POINT AND BOILING POINT These are temperature points where the added thermal energy to the system does not increase the velocity of the motions of the particles in it. At these points, the energy is used to change the phase of matter and not change its temperature. Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  T pElM aPnE eRtAaTr HEAT UyR SAMPLE PROBLEMS TOTA KINETIC E L EQUILIBRIUM NERGY Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM Suppose that you are camping in the mountains. You need to melt 1.50 kg of snow at 0.0ºC and heat it to 70ºC to make hot cocoa. How much heat will be needed? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM How much heat is absorbed by 1.00 X 102 g of ice at -20.0ºC to become water at 0.0ºC? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM A 2.00 x 10-2 g sample of water at 60ºC is heated to steam at 140.0ºC. How much heat is absorbed? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  SAMPLE PROBLEM How much heat is needed to change 3.00 X 102 g of ice at -30.0ºC to steam at 130.0ºC? Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila LESSON OBJECTIVES vEnumerate and explain effects of heat on matter: - Thermal Expansion - Phase Change - Temperature Change Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila  - THERMAL EXPANSION - HEAT-TEMP-THERMAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE - Kitakits ENERGY soon! - EXAM will be waiting for you - - PHASE CHANGE - Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila