Effects of Heat on Matter: Expansion & Temperature
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Questions and Answers

What happens to density when volume increases?

  • Density decreases (correct)
  • Density increases
  • Density remains constant
  • Density fluctuates

    • Thermal expansion can be which of the following?

  • Linear
  • Areal
  • Volumetric
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What does heat primarily change in a system?

  • Mass
  • Pressure
  • Temperature (correct)
  • Volume

    • What is specific heat capacity?

    <p>The heat required per unit mass to change a substance's temperature by 1 degree Celsius. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formula $Q = mcΔT$, what does 'Q' represent?

    <p>Heat required to change temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lesson discusses which effects of heat on matter?

    <p>Thermal Expansion, Phase Change, and Temperature Change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the 'Predict-Observe-Explain' activity, what is the first step?

    <p>Prediction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Thermal Expansion?

    <p>The tendency of matter to change in volume in response to changes in temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a metal ball increases in volume when heated, what is happening at the molecular level?

    <p>Molecules move faster and spread out. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding heat on the kinetic energy of molecules?

    <p>The molecules' kinetic energy are increased. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Phase Change'?

    <p>The transformation of matter from one state (solid, liquid, gas) to another. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to temperature during a phase change, assuming heat is constantly applied?

    <p>Temperature remains constant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Temperature Change'?

    <p>The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do atoms and molecules in a solid constantly do?

    <p>Oscillate around their equilibrium point. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can thermal expansion cause in railroad tracks?

    <p>The tracks to buckle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which years did train derailments due to rail buckling occur frequently in the US?

    <p>1998-2002 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for thermal expansion to occur?

    <p>A change in temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal state of atoms/molecules in a solid object?

    <p>In constant motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila, get copyright for the image?

    <p>They created the image (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the thermal expansion of long sections of rail tracks?

    <p>The rail tracks experience rail buckling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'm' represent in the heat of fusion formula, $Q = mH_f$?

    <p>Mass of the solid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does the heat of fusion describe?

    <p>Melting a solid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes heat of vaporization?

    <p>Heat required to turn a liquid into a gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is commonly used by electric power companies to sell electricity?

    <p>Kilowatt-hour (kWh) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of 1 kWh in Joules (J)?

    <p>3.6 x 10^6 J (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on the water pipes when hot water is turned on?

    <p>They heat up (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable represents the heat required to turn a solid into a liquid?

    <p>Q (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heat of fusion describes which change of state?

    <p>Solid to liquid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Q' represent in the formula $Q = mH_v$?

    <p>Heat required to turn a liquid into a gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does $H_v$ stand for in the formula $Q = mH_v$?

    <p>Heat of Vaporization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the temperature of a substance at its freezing or boiling point when thermal energy is added?

    <p>The temperature remains constant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At freezing and boiling points, what is the energy primarily used for?

    <p>Changing the phase of matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in calculating the heat needed to change ice at -30.0°C to steam at 130.0°C?

    <p>Calculate the heat to raise the ice from -30.0°C to 0.0°C. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed to determine the amount of heat required to melt 1.50 kg of snow at 0.0°C and heat it to 70°C?

    <p>The heat of fusion and specific heat capacity of water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If thermal energy is added to a system at its boiling point, what primarily occurs?

    <p>The system changes phase from liquid to gas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heat absorbed by ice at -20.0°C used for as it becomes water at 0.0°C?

    <p>Changing its state from solid to liquid and raising its temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Thermal Expansion

    The increase in volume of a substance as temperature rises.

    Phase Change

    Transformation of matter from one state to another due to heat.

    Temperature Change

    The alteration in temperature of a substance when heat is applied or removed.

    Kinetic Energy

    Energy of an object due to its motion, affected by temperature changes.

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    Molecular Level

    Behavior and arrangement of molecules during physical changes.

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    Volume Increase

    The rise in space that a substance occupies when heated.

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    Initial State of Matter

    Condition of matter before any change occurs, like before heating.

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    Prediction in Science

    An educated guess about the outcome of an experiment based on prior knowledge.

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    Rail Buckling

    A phenomenon where rail tracks distort due to thermal expansion.

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    Equilibrium Point

    The stable position around which atoms oscillate in a solid.

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    Oscillation of Atoms

    The regular movement of atoms around an equilibrium position.

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    Train Derailments

    Accidents where trains come off the tracks, sometimes due to thermal effects.

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    Continuous Sections of Rail

    Long, unbroken spans of railroad that can be affected by thermal expansion.

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    Density vs. Volume

    An increase in volume causes a decrease in density.

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    Types of Thermal Expansion

    Thermal expansion can be linear, areal, or volumetric.

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    Specific Heat Capacity

    Heat required per unit mass to change temperature by 1°C or 1K.

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    Heat Transfer Equation

    Q = mcΔT, where Q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is temperature change.

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    Water as Cooling Agent

    Water is often used to cool materials due to its high specific heat capacity.

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    Heat Transfer Calculation

    Determining the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance during temperature change.

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    Heat of Fusion

    The amount of heat needed to convert a solid into a liquid at its melting point.

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    Heat of Vaporization

    The heat required to convert a liquid into a gas at its boiling point.

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    Calculating Cost of Heating Water

    Determining expenses based on the heat energy used to raise the temperature of water.

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    Heat Absorbed by Water

    The total amount of heat energy taken in by water when its temperature increases.

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    Calculating Heat for Iron

    Determining the heat transferred to a solid, such as iron, as its temperature increases.

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    Freezing Point

    The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid.

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    Boiling Point

    The temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor or gas.

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    Kinetic Energy and Phase Change

    Energy remains in a system during phase change without temperature increase.

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    Thermal Energy

    Energy that comes from the temperature of matter affecting its motion.

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    Heat Absorption

    The process in which a substance takes in heat energy, changing phase or temperature.

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    Mass in Heat Transfer

    The quantity of a substance that affects the amount of heat needed for temperature change.

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    Study Notes

    Effects of Heat on Matter

    • The effects of heat on matter include thermal expansion, phase change, and temperature change.
    • Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature.
    • Atoms and molecules in a solid constantly oscillate around their equilibrium point.
    • An example of thermal expansion is the buckling of railroad tracks.
    • Thermal expansion is linear, areal, or volumetric.
    • The linear expansion formula is ΔL = αΔT * L₀.
    • The area expansion formula is ΔA = 2αΔT * A₀.
    • The volume expansion formula is ΔV = 3αΔT * V₀.
    • α is the coefficient of linear expansion
    • The coefficient of linear expansion depends on the material.
    • A table with approximate coefficients of thermal expansion at 20°C is provided to help in calculation where α and β are the coefficients.

    Temperature Change

    • Heat changes the temperature of a substance/material.
    • Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substance's temperature by 1 Celsius Degree or 1 Kelvin.
    • The formula for calculating heat required to change temperature is Q = mcΔT where Q is the heat required, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
    • A table of specific heat capacities in J/kg K is provided with various material values.

    Phase Change

    • Heat can cause changes in the phase of matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas).
    • Heat of fusion is the heat required to melt a solid into a liquid. The formula is Q = mHf.
    • Heat of vaporization is the heat required to turn a liquid into gas. The formula is Q = mHv.
    • The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat needed to change the phase from solid to liquid (without changing temperature).
    • The latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat needed to change the phase from liquid to gas (without changing temperature).
    • Different materials have different latent heat values, as seen in table 1.
    • A heating curve for water describes temperature change and phase changes.

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    Related Documents

    Lesson 18 - Effects of Heat on Matter PDF

    Description

    Explore the effects of heat on matter, focusing on thermal expansion and temperature change. Learn about linear, areal, and volumetric expansion, with formulas and examples. Understand specific heat capacity and its role in temperature changes.

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