Lesson-1-WHAT-IS-PHILOSOPHY.pptx

LESSON 1 WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? Inquire and Discover: 1.Human beings are inquisitive. 2.We always hear questions that are present in daily conversations. 3.We often encounter “deep questions” on serious talks. 4. The essence of Philosophy – the search for answers to life’s questions. WHAT...

LESSON 1 WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? Inquire and Discover: 1.Human beings are inquisitive. 2.We always hear questions that are present in daily conversations. 3.We often encounter “deep questions” on serious talks. 4. The essence of Philosophy – the search for answers to life’s questions. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? TWO GREEK WORDS: PHILOS (LOVE) and SOPHIA (wisdom) = LOVE OF WISDOM PHILOSOPHERS: – People who engage in Philosophy or ” lovers of wisdom”. - Pioneers of various fields of knowledge such as: History, Biology, Medicine, Mathematics,Astronomy, and even Physics. NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS: 1. PYTHAGORAS – mathematician and scientist who formulated the Pythagorean Theorem 2. HERACLITUS – for him, change is a permanent aspect of the human condition with the saying “ No man ever steps in the same river twice.” 3. DEMOCRITUS – he was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called ATOM.  5. EPICURUS- gave life to Epicureanism – a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain. 6.SOCRATES – the foremost philosopher of ancient times. Formulated the Socratic Method – shared dialogue posing a thought-provoking question. 7.PLATO – student of Socrates. Formulated the Theory of Forms – nonphysical ideas are eternal and unchanging. Formulated Dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. 8.ARISTOTLE – student of Plato. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based WHY IS THERE A NEED TO PHILOSOPHIZE? 1. SENSE OF WONDER 2. DOUBT 3. EXPERIENCE 4. LOVE OF WISDOM HOW DO WE CHARACTERIZE THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY? 1. A WAY OF ANALYZING FRAMEWORKS Internal Questions – questions dealing with our own correctness and values. External Questions – seek to question the very framework of which people base their own beliefs and views. 2. AN EXAMINATION OF A PARTICULAR AREA OF KNOWLEDGE 3. AN EXAMINATION OF A DISTINCT AREA OF KNOWLEDGE  FIVE BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY: 1. AESTHETICS – deals with beauty and what makes things beautiful. 2. LOGIC – deals with correct reasoning. 3. EPISTEMOLOGY – the nature of knowledge and knowing. 4. ETHICS – deals with moral questions and dilemmas 5. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY – deals with questions of justice, power, rights of citizens. 6. METAPHYSICS – deals with questions on reality and existence. TWO PERSPECTIVES OF LIFE: 1. HOLISTIC THINKING – described as looking at the “ big picture” 2. PARTIAL THINKING – specific aspects of a situation HOW DOES ONE ENGAGE IN REFLECTION? REFLECTION - requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions and to learn more about one’s life and experience. - helps us understand ourselves and our actions better. - we can judge whether our actions or decisions are reasonable or not. PRACTICAL USES OF PHILOSOPHY 1. CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS, ARGUMENTS AND PROBLEMS. 2. PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DECISION-MAKING 3. DEVELOPS GOOD COMMUNICATOR 4. SELF-DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY:. ANSWER ASSESS letter A. page 15 1 2. ANSWER letter B pp 15-16