Lesson 1 - Universe PDF

This game will be started with a hint image and a question. All you have to do is to read the question and look at the hint image. You only have 3 seconds to answer each question. A dwarf planet named after the Roman god of the underworld...

This game will be started with a hint image and a question. All you have to do is to read the question and look at the hint image. You only have 3 seconds to answer each question. A dwarf planet named after the Roman god of the underworld 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Next Jumble Planets outside the solar system 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Next Jumble A large space objects that revolves in an orbit around the sun and other stars. 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Next Jumble Gravitationally bound collection of stars, swirling in a spiral through space. 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Next Jumble It is a system of stars, planets, moons, and other objects, bound together by gravitational orbit. 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Next Jumble A small rocky body orbiting the sun. 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Next Jumble A pieces of dust, and rocky debris that burns up when enter the EARTH atmosphere 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Next Jumble A pieces of dust, and rocky debris that burns up when enter the EARTH atmosphere 00 01 03 02 Start Timer Show Answer Finish  Explain different theories 01 on how the universe formed Distinguish the science and bible contributions 03 in relation to cosmic Recognize scientists 02 who proposed the synthesis different theories of the universe The universe is everything. It includes all of space, and all the matter and energy that space contains. It even includes time itself and, of course, it includes you.  It is a story about the birth of the world.  The biblical creation tells that God created the universe.  GEORGES LEMAITRE ALEXANDER FRIEDMANN In 1920s, LeMaitre proposed this theory, in which he stated that the expanding universe was the same in all directions -- the same laws applied, and its composition was the same -- but it was not static. Soviet Aleksandr Friedmann, had come to the same conclusion independently, a few years earlier.  13.8 billion years ago  According to the proponents of Big Bang Theory all the matter and energy are crammed in a tiny compact point called singularity and it expanded over time until it reached it peak.  At the moment of the Big Bang, the Universe started to expand, cool and become less dense.  The Universe is still expanding today.  The Big Bang was not an explosion that happened somewhere in space. In 1926, Edwin Hubble found that the galaxies are moving away from each other. In 1960, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered a background radio emission coming from every direction in the sky. This radiation was speculated as the remnant energy leftover from the formation of the universe Elements like helium, hydrogen and trace amount of lithium and beryllium found in the observable universe agrees with the hypotheses of the big bang theory. Their abundance is checked from the spectra of the oldest stars gas clouds. The ratios of these elements match with what was expected from the big bang nucleosynthesis. JAMES JEANS FRED HOYLE HERMANN BONDI THOMAS GOLD (1877-1946) (1915-2001) (1919-2005) (1920-2004) First proposed the Steady Revised the theory and gained popularity in 1948 as an alternative to Big Bang State Theory in 1920 Theory  This states that the universe is always expanding in a constant average density.  Matter is continuously created to form cosmic or celestial bodies (Stars and galaxies)  It further claims that the universe has no beginning or end in time, and even though it is expanding, it’s appearance remains the same  The early universe was a rapidly expanding bubble of pure vacuum energy. It did not have any matter or radiation. ALAN GUTH ANDREI LINDE PAUL STEINHARDT ANDY ALBRECHT On 1980, they offered a solutions to the unresolved problems solving the big bang theory. The inflation theory proposed a period of exponential expansion of the universe , prior to the more gradual bigbang expansion. 1. THE FLATNESS PROBLEM: Problem: Why universe appears flat? Solution: The tremendous expansion greatly dilutes any initial curvature. A simple way of illustrating this is to inflate a balloon with small bumps. As you inflate the balloon continuously, its surface reaches a point of flatness where the small bumps could not be recognized anymore. This idea accounts for the approximate flatness (lack of curvature) in the space-time of the universe. 2. THE HORIZON PROBLEM: Problem: Why does all parts of the universe is uniform, but regions far apart haven't had enough time to exchange information or light since the Big Bang. This should make them different, not similar. Solution: Since Inflation supposes a burst of exponential expansion in the early universe, it follows that distant regions were actually much closer together prior to Inflation than they would have been with only standard Big Bang expansion. Thus, such regions could have been in causal contact prior to Inflation and could have attained a uniform temperature. 3. THE MONOPOLE PROBLEM: Problem: The Big Bang theory predicts the formation of many magnetic monopoles (hypothetical heavy particles), which we do not observe in the universe today. Solution: Inflation allows for magnetic monopoles to exist as long as they were produced prior to the period of inflation. During inflation, the density of monopoles drops exponentially, so their abundance drops to undetectable levels.