Lesson 1: Communication Principles and Ethics Lesson Plan PDF

Lesson 1: Communication Principles and Ethics Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, students are expected to achieve the following: 1. Describe the nature, elements and functions of verbal and non-verbal communication in various and multicultural contexts. 2. Explai...

Lesson 1: Communication Principles and Ethics Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, students are expected to achieve the following: 1. Describe the nature, elements and functions of verbal and non-verbal communication in various and multicultural contexts. 2. Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication, and why ethical communication is essential. 3. Appreciate the impact of communication on society and the world. A. Definition of Communication Communication: - a complex and multifaceted phenomenon - the act of sharing information, ideas, and feelings between two or more individuals or entities. - a dynamic process that involves both sending and receiving messages - an art of creating and sharing ideas for specific purpose Forms of communication: 1. verbal communication – includes the use of language, sounds and tone of voice 2. non-verbal communication – includes body language and facial expressions 3. written communication – through journals, emails, blogs, and text messages 4. visual communication – involves signs, symbols, picture, graphics and emojis Verbal and non-verbal communication- fundamental components of human interaction that serve distinct but complementary functions. Nature of Verbal Communication- Verbal communication involves the use of spoken or written words to convey messages. It is characterized by: * Language-Based: Utilizes specific languages and dialects, which can vary significantly across cultures. * Interactive: Involves a sender and a receiver, fostering dialogue and feedback. * Immediate: Allows for real-time interaction, enabling instant clarification and response. * Multichannel: Incorporates tone, pitch, and volume, which can alter the meaning of the words spoken. Elements of Verbal Communication Sender: The individual who initiates the communication. Message: The content being communicated. Channel: The medium through which the message is delivered (e.g., spoken word, written text). Receiver: The individual or group receiving the message.  Feedback: Responses from the receiver that indicate understanding or confusion. Context: The environment or situation in which communication occurs. Noise: Any external factors that can distort or interfere with the message. Functions of Verbal Communication Information Sharing: Conveying facts and knowledge. Persuasion: Influencing attitudes or behaviors. Problem Solving: Collaborating on solutions through discussion. Social Interaction: Building relationships through conversation. Nature of Non-Verbal Communication Non-verbal communication refers to the transmission of messages without the use of words but with the use of body language, facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye contact, and tone of voice. It can also be in a form of written language wherein the speaker conveys his ideas through the use of written words. Visual Elements of Non-Verbal Communication Kinesics: communication through gestures Indicators: facial expressions, hand gestures, head movement, posture Oculesics: a study of eyes and its movement in relation to communication Indicator: eye movement Proxemics: a study of how people use personal space and physical distance between communicators. Indicator: distance Haptics: touching behavior expressing range of feelings Indicator: touching gestures Chronemics: the study of time in communication Indicator: use of time  Objectics: the use of physical objects in communication Indicator: use of objects Paralanguage: refers to the non-verbal elements of communication that accompany spoken language, adding depth and meaning to verbal messages. Indicator: Vocal elements that accompany speech but are not words such as pitch, tone, volume, speech rate, and pauses. Physical appearance: the way people dress themselves communicates something Indicator: clothing and grooming as powerful communicator affect perceptions. Environmental factors: the physical environment reveals the personality of a person affecting communication Indicator: use of physical environment Functions of Non-Verbal Communication Reinforcement: Enhancing or contradicting verbal messages (e.g., nodding while agreeing). Emotional Expression: Conveying feelings without words (e.g., smiling to show happiness). Regulation: Managing the flow of conversation (e.g., using pauses to signal turns). Cultural Significance: Different gestures have varying meanings across cultures. Both verbal and non-verbal communication are essential for effective interaction across various contexts, especially in multicultural settings where nuances in language and behavior can significantly impact understanding. By recognizing and adapting to these elements, individuals can enhance their communication skills and foster more meaningful connections with others. Effective communication: - the process of exchanging information, ideas, and emotions in a manner that is clear, concise, and mutually understood by all parties involved. - encompasses various forms of communication, including verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual methods. - a key interpersonal skill , dependent on how rich those ideas are, how much of those ideas are retained in the process. The essence of effective communication lies not only in delivering a message but also in ensuring that the recipient comprehends the intent and emotion behind it. This requires active listening, clarity in expression, and feedback mechanisms to confirm understanding. Which skill one chooses greatly varies and is dictated by the situation, the content or the actual information a person needs or wants to convey, and the intended recipient of that information. Key elements of effective communication: 1. Audience analysis: a systematic process used to gather and interpret information about an audience to tailor messages effectively to their interests, needs, and expectations. By understanding the audience's characteristics, communicators and communication barriers can create content that resonates more deeply and achieves desired outcomes. 2. Clarity: The message should be straightforward and free from ambiguity. This helps prevent misunderstandings and ensures that the audience grasps the intended meaning. 3. Conciseness: Communication should be brief yet comprehensive enough to convey the necessary information without overwhelming the recipient with unnecessary details. 4. Active Listening: This involves fully concentrating on what is being said rather than merely hearing the words. Active listening fosters better understanding and shows respect for the speaker. 5. Feedback: Providing and soliciting feedback is crucial for confirming that messages have been understood as intended. This can include verbal affirmations or non-verbal cues. 6. Non-verbal Signals: Body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice play significant roles in communication. Being aware of these signals can enhance understanding and connection. Communication barriers are obstacles that hinder effective exchange of information between individuals or groups. These barriers can arise from various sources, including environmental factors, emotional states, cultural differences, and cognitive perceptions. Types of Communication Barriers Physical Barriers: These are environmental factors that obstruct communication. Examples include distance, noise, and poor technology. Emotional Barriers: These stem from personal feelings that affect how messages are sent and received. Stress, anger, or anxiety can distort communication. Cultural Barriers: Differences in language, traditions, and social norms can create misunderstandings. What is acceptable in one culture may be offensive in another. Cognitive Barriers: These arise from individual perceptions and interpretations based on past experiences and biases. They can lead to selective listening or misinterpretation of messages. Systematic Barriers: These occur due to structural issues within an organization or group that impede clear communication. Impact of Communication Barriers Communication barriers can significantly affect effective communication by: Creating Misunderstandings: When messages are not conveyed clearly, recipients may interpret them differently than intended. Reducing Collaboration: Barriers can hinder teamwork and cooperation, leading to conflicts and decreased productivity. Impeding Decision-Making: Poor communication can slow down processes and result in missed opportunities or ineffective solutions. Affecting Relationships: Miscommunication can lead to mistrust and strained relationships among colleagues or family members. By recognizing and addressing these barriers through strategies such as active listening, cultural sensitivity training, and clear communication protocols, individuals and organizations can enhance their communication effectiveness and foster better understanding among diverse groups. Principles of effective communication: Effective communication requires a certain level of connection between and among people allowing a series of exchange of thoughts and emotions, eventually leading to mutual understanding. 1. Clarity: This pertains to both the message and the purpose why the message has to be sent. 2. Conciseness: The message should be as brief as may be required depending on one’s purpose. 3. Completeness: Whenever possible, background information should be given to provide better context: facts and observation may also be helpful. 4. Organization: This refers to the systematic flow of ideas and transition from one point to another. 5. Empathy: This means sensitivity of the sender of the message to the needs and interests of the receiver. 6. Flexibility: Different people have different communication styles, and consequently, different expectations. B. Communication and Globalization Globalization is regarded as as the key to the worldwide integration of humanity, where there is an increased economic, political and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures. Filipinos belong to diverse, global community, therefore it is imperative that We learn to communicate effectively with people regardless of age, gender, race, ability, religion, sexual orientation, income, marital status , or ethnicity. Communication in the modern world must be anchored on the concept of diversity, since effective communication and the ability to understand cultural differences are skills that have become requisites not only for a meaningful social life but also for a successful professional career. Digital technology has erased territorial boundariesamong countries and among people with varying cultures. Hence, there is a need to develop graduates and professionals who are multi-culturalists- those who are engaged with and respectful of people with different cultures.  Formative assessment: Write True or False to assess your readiness to communicate effectively with people having different cultures. 1. I enjoy communicating with persons who are like me in terms of interests and with the same socio- economic status, as much as I enjoy communicating those who are not ‘like’ me. __________ 2. I am equally sensitive to the concerns of all groups of society, and I genuinely care about the plight and issues surrounding them. ________ 3. I can tell when persons with different cultures do not understand me or are confused by my actions.__________ 4. I am not afraid of interacting with members of minority groups nor with members of a dominant culture. ________ 5. Persons from other cultures who do not actively participate in a conversation, debate, or any form of discussion act that way probably because of their culture's rules. __________ 6. Persons from other cultures have the right to be angry at members of my own culture. __________ 7. How I handle conflict or disagreements with persons from other cultures depends on the situation and on the culture they are from. ________ 8. My culture is not superior to other cultures. _________ 9. I am knowledgeable of how to behave when communicating or interacting with people having different cultures. ______ 10. I respect the communication rules of cultures other than my own. _________ This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA