Lesson 1 - Overview of AI - CMPSC 162 PDF

CMPSC 162: Artificial Intelligence Lesson 1 Overview of AI WILBEN CHRISTIE R. PAGTACONAN Faculty College of Computing and Information Sciences Topic Objectives Understand the different terms in AI E...

CMPSC 162: Artificial Intelligence Lesson 1 Overview of AI WILBEN CHRISTIE R. PAGTACONAN Faculty College of Computing and Information Sciences Topic Objectives Understand the different terms in AI Explain the relationship of AI to other disciplines Know the successes and failures of AI Topics Tentative definitions Typical AI problems Practical Impact of AI Approaches to AI Limits of AI Today Mental Exercises Item #1 Which symbol in the Answer Figure completes the sequence in the Problem Figure? Item #1 (Answer) Which symbol in the Answer Figure completes the sequence in the Problem Figure? C - The question figure is rotated clockwise through 90 degrees each time. Item #2 Which of the Answer Figures belongs in neither group? Item #2 (Answer) Which of the Answer Figures belongs in neither group? D & E - Group 1 shapes are all straight lines, group 2 shapes are all curved. What is AI? What is AI? Artificial Intelligence is concerned with the design of intelligence in an artificial device. - McCarthy in 1956 What is intelligence? Is it that which characterize humans? OR Is there an absolute standard of judgement? What is intelligence? Accordingly, there are two possibilities: A system with intelligence is expected to behave as intelligently as a human A system with intelligence is expected to behave in the best possible manner What is intelligence? Secondly, what type of behavior are we talking about? Are we looking at the thought process or reasoning ability of the system? Or are we only interested in the final manifestations of the system in terms of its actions? Scope and View of Artificial Intelligence 1. Artificial Intelligence is about designing systems that are as intelligent as humans. involves trying to understand human thought and an effort to build machines that emulate the human thought process. Scope and View of Artificial Intelligence 2. Turing Test To pass the Turing test, the machine has to fool the interrogator into believing that it is human. Scope and View of Artificial Intelligence 3. Logic and laws of thought deals with studies of ideal or rational thought process and inference. Scope and View of Artificial Intelligence 4. Study of rational agents deals with building machines that act rationally. how the system acts and performs, and not so much on the reasoning process. A rational agent is one that acts rationally, that is, is in the best possible manner. Typical AI problems Tasks of an “Intelligent entity” ✓ Common-place tasks ▪ Recognizing people, objects. ▪ Communicating (through natural language). ▪ Navigating around obstacles on the streets ✓ Expert tasks ▪ Medical diagnosis. ▪ Mathematical problem solving ▪ Playing games like chess Practical Impact of AI ✓ Embedded in devices ✓ Everyday use ✓ Systems Approaches to AI Strong AI ▪ aims to build machines that can truly reason and solve problems. ▪ These machines should be self aware and their overall intellectual ability needs to be indistinguishable from that of a human being. Approaches to AI Weak AI ▪ deals with the creation of some form of computer-based artificial intelligence that cannot truly reason and solve problems, but can act as if it were intelligent. Approaches to AI Applied AI ▪ aims to produce commercially viable "smart" systems. (ie security systems) ▪ Applied AI has already enjoyed considerable success. Approaches to AI Cognitive AI ▪ computers are used to test theories about how the human mind works For example, theories about how we recognise faces and other objects, or about how we solve abstract problems. Limits of AI Today What can AI systems do ✓ In Computer vision, the systems are capable of face recognition ✓ In Robotics, we have been able to make vehicles that are mostly autonomous. Limits of AI Today ✓ In Natural language processing, we have systems that are capable of simple machine translation. ✓ Today’s Expert systems can carry out medical diagnosis in a narrow domain Limits of AI Today ✓ Speech understanding systems are capable of recognizing several thousand words continuous speech ✓ Planning and scheduling systems Limits of AI Today ✓ The Learning systems are capable of doing text categorization ✓ In Games, AI systems can play at the Grand Master level in chess (world champion), checkers, etc. END OF LESSON 1