Artificial Intelligence Introduction PDF

Artificial Intelligence By: Dr. Hend Shaaban  What is Artificial Intelligence History of Artificial Intelligence Need of Artificial Intelligence Goals of Artificial Intelligence Introduction What comprises to Artificial Intellig...

Artificial Intelligence By: Dr. Hend Shaaban  What is Artificial Intelligence History of Artificial Intelligence Need of Artificial Intelligence Goals of Artificial Intelligence Introduction What comprises to Artificial Intelligence To AI Applications of Artificial Intelligence Advantages of Artificial Intelligence Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence Types of Artificial Intelligence What is Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence. Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", or “the ability to learn and solve problems” hence Artificial Intelligence means "a man-made thinking power.“ Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions. What is Artificial Intelligence Intelligence, as we know, is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge. Knowledge is the information acquired through experience. Experience is the knowledge gained through exposure(training). As a result, artificial intelligence is as the “copy of something natural is capable of acquiring and applying the information it has gained through exposure.” History of Artificial Intelligence John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence. Deep blue chess program beats the Foundations for neural networks Demonstration of first AI program world chess champion, Garry were laid. at Carnegie Mellon University Kasparov 1950 1990 1943 1955 1997 Alan Turing introduced Turing test Major advances in all areas of AI: for evaluation of intelligence and Scheduling published Computing Machinery. Data mining, web crawler Virtual reality Games Need of Artificial Intelligence To create expert systems Helping machines find that exhibit intelligent solutions to complex problems behavior with the like humans do and applying capability to learn, them as algorithms in a demonstrate, explain and computer-friendly manner. advice its users. Goals of Artificial Intelligence 1- Replicate human intelligence 2- Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks 3- An intelligent connection of perception and action 4- Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such as: Proving a theorem, Playing chess, Plan some surgical operation, Driving a car in traffic 5- Creating systems which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.  What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it's so vast and requires lots of other factors that can contribute to it. So, intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is a combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, etc. Applications of Artificial Intelligence Advantages of Artificial Intelligence High Accuracy with fewer errors: AI High-Speed: AI systems can be of machines or systems are prone to very high-speed and fast decision fewer errors and high accuracy as it making, because of that AI systems takes decisions as per pre- can beat a chess champion in the experience or information. Chess game. Useful for risky areas: AI machines High reliability: AI machines are can be helpful in situations such as highly reliable and can perform the defusing a bomb, exploring the same action multiple times with ocean floor, where to employ a high accuracy. human can be risky. Advantages of Artificial Intelligence Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to users such as AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as per customer requirements. Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self- driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security purposes, Natural language processing (for search engines, for spelling checker, for assistant like Siri, for translation like google translate), etc. Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence High Cost Can't think out of the box lacks emotional intelligence ”complex human emotions” Increase dependence on machines No Original Creativity Job Displacement Privacy Concerns Types of Artificial Intelligence Based on Capabilities Based on the functionality Types of Artificial Intelligence Types of AI (Based on Capabilities) 1. Weak AI or Narrow AI It is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with intelligence. cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for one specific task. Example: self-driving cars, speech recognition, and image recognition. 2. General AI General AI is a type of intelligence that could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a human. 3. Super AI It is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could surpass human intelligence, and can perform any task better than a human with cognitive properties Types of AI (Based on Functionality) 1. Reactive Machines Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions. Has no memory, only responds different stimuli. Example: IBM's Deep Blue, Google's AlphaGo 2. Limited Memory Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a short period of time. These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only. Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems. These cars can store the recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars, speed limits, and other information to navigate the road. Types of AI (Based on Functionality) 3. Theory of Mind Theory of Mind AI should understand human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to interact socially like humans. This type of AI machine is still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts and improvements for developing such AI machines. 4. Self-Awareness Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be super intelligent and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and self- awareness. These machines will be smarter than the human mind. Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality, and it is a hypothetical.