Lesson 1 Filipino Psychology PDF

PSY 106: Sikolohiyang Pilipino/ Filipino Psychology **Course Outline** 1\. Rationalizing Filipino Psychology 2\. History of Psychology in the Philippines 3\. Indigenous Research Methods 4\. The Filipino Culture and Way of Life 5\. The Filipino Profile 6\. Ethical and Normative Behavior of the...

PSY 106: Sikolohiyang Pilipino/ Filipino Psychology **Course Outline** 1\. Rationalizing Filipino Psychology 2\. History of Psychology in the Philippines 3\. Indigenous Research Methods 4\. The Filipino Culture and Way of Life 5\. The Filipino Profile 6\. Ethical and Normative Behavior of the Filipino 7\. Communicating with Filipinos 8\. Courtship, Marriage, and Family Life in the Philippines 9\. Research Output Sikolohiyang Pilipino -anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (1975) -study of diwa (psyche)-wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior Psychology study of emotions and experienced knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of one\'s surroundings (ulirat), information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of diwa), and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to leaming about people\'s conscience. Development of a Filipino Indigenous Psychology **A. Pre-Sikolohiyang Pilipino** **Zeus Salazar (1985)** identified four separate historical threads or \"filiations across Philippine historical time rootedness **1. academic-scientific psychology:** Agustin Alonzo brought back American-oriented educational psychology and was a mentor to a number of known Filipino psychologists Alfredo Lagmay commented this as a case of cultural diffusion- coming of US colonizers lo translate *\"Into Filipino consciousness and academic preoccupations was a clear case of technology transfer cum foreign ideology and world view\" (Salazar, 1985)* **2. academic philosophical psychology:** establishment of a system of higher education in UST during the Spanish times **3. ethnic psychology:** katutubong sikolohiya: the truly **indigenous knowledge** base the psychology of Filipinos: a more sophisticated psycho-social approach to understanding the traits of the Filipino. -the practice of psychology of Filipinos from ancient to modem times: normal techniques of enculturation or socialization and the proto-clinical approaches to problems, tensions and conflicts 4. **psycho-medical system:** religion as its basis and explanation **Pre-Sikolohiyang Pilipino period..** - -coinciding with the colonial period - -dominance by western knowledge structures in psychology - Philippine psychology was heavily influenced by psychological science in the North American tradition following two traditions of experimentation and correlation - local textbooks were patterned after western texts and heavily cited western theories and research data Rise of Sikolohiyang Pilipino **Enriquez** came back to the University of the Philippines with his Ph.D. in Psychology from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois \- critical questioning and heightened nationalism that led to the germination and subsequent flowering of Sikolohiyang Pilipino \- **Alfredo Lagmay** were starting to question the applicability of western theories and tools in the Philippine setting and doubted replicability of research results obtained from the west \- **Enriquez (1994)** *identified the major characteristics Sikolohiyang Pilipino* in terms of its philosophical antecedents, principal emphasis in psychology, principal methods of investigation, primary areas of protest, position on psychological practice, position on science-humanism issue, position on the mentalism-behaviorism issue, and position on the analysis-wholeness issue \- he advocates for the addition of certain features that would make the discipline more faithful to Filipino reality and not just another alienating instrument of western oppression Several developments\... **Enriquez** *founded the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (National Association for Philippine Psychology)* in [January 1976] with the objectives of inquiry and clarification of the value and nature of Filipino personality and consciousness and the development of studies towards a more scientific universal psychology it held annual conferences, with papers and discussions done mainly in the national language and was instrumental in disseminating information and initiating discussion on the many aspect of SP -development of an indigenous measure of personality -Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao -development of indigenous research methods -development of an undergraduate course in Sikolohiyang Pilipino research library for Sikmohiyang Pilipino researches publications and the maintenance of a small establishment of the Pandaigdigang Katipunan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (International Association for Filipina Psychology) in **1990** \- annual conferences were done for the maintenance of ideological status quo Sikolohiyang Pilipino After Enriquez \- when he died in 1994, SP was orphaned and none of his followers appeared ready to step into his extremely large shoes there were issues of succession, need for reorganization, the need to finally confront basic issues like resources to stay afloat \- the heir-apparent was Rogelia Pe-Pua, an assistant professor at UP, Dept. of Psychology after her was Grace Dalisay then Elizabeth Marcelino-de Castro \- annual conferences continue and there is still some research activity going on-Orteza\'s work on **pakikipagkwentuhan,** Guanzon-Lapena\'s research into the concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos. Dalisay\'s studies on male and female sexuality \- publications seem to have slowed down theoretical formulations need to be redefined and tested further \- lack of representation of other indigenous and ethnolinguistic groups in its research literature which is mainly Tagalog \- need to differentiate and interpret cultural values and behavior according to gender methodology and language issues \- the usage of the national language may make our knowledge base more accessible to our own people unlike an alien language like English distinction of psychological science to other field of studies Sikolohiyang Pilipino and Globalization \- developments in information media and technology and their influence on individuals \- increased human interchanges leading to increases in personal interaction with members of another country or culture \- Ho (1998) suggested a metatheory of psychological theories as a means of clarifying convergences and consistencies across theories of cultures by insider and outsider theorists \- we need to go beyond indigenization History of Psychology in the Philippines 1, Psychology was probably taught as early as **17th century** in two Philippine universities-University of **Santo Tomas in Manila and the University of San Carlos** in Cebu. 2\. The first Department of Psychology was established at the University of the Philippines under the School of Education. 3\. Agustin Alonzo who received his PhD in Experimental Psychology from the University of Chicago became the head of the country\'s first department of psychology. 4\. The University of Santo Tomas was the first institution to offer undergraduate, master\'s and doctoral degrees in psychology. 5\. Most of the pioneers in psychology in the Philippines obtained their graduate training in the United States. **a. [Sinforoso Padilla-]** obtained his doctorate degree from the University of Michigan in 1928; the first Filipino to major In Psychology from the undergraduate to the doctoral level; he established the first psychological clinic in the country at the University of the Philippines in **1932** **b. [Jesus Perpiñan-]** with a doctorate in Psychology from the lowa State University (1933); he set up the Far Eastern University (FEU) psychological clinic **c. [Ellas Bumatay]** with a doctorate in **Educational Psychology** from the University of Texas in 1940; he became the **Dean of the College of Education at National University** **d. [Estefania Aldaba-Lim]-** first Filipino to receive a doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the University of Michigan; she started the psychology program at the **Philippine Women\'s University in 1948**; she set up the *Philippine Psychological Corporation in 1962.* **e. [Altredo Lagmay]-** with a doctorate degree in **Experimental Psychology** from the Harvard University (1955); he headed the Psychology Department of the University of the Philippines for **22 years since 1955** **f. [Mariano Oblas]-** with a doctorate degree in Comparative and Physiological Psychology from Stanford University in **1955**; he led the *personnel departmen*t of **Caltex Philippines** **g. [Jaime Bulatao, S.J.]-** with a doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Fordham University (1961); he established the Department of Psychology at the **Ateneo de Manila in 1961.** ** Agustin Alonzo** founded the **Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP)** in **1966.** - The PAP focused primarily on **addressing academic and research issues when it was formed.** ** Sintoroso Padilla, Alfredo Lagmay, Jaime Bulatao, and Estatania Aladaba-Lim,** who served as the first four presidents of the PAP. Three main goals of the Association: a\. advance learning, teaching and research in psychology as a science b\. to advance the practice of psychology as an independent, scientifically oriented, and ethically conscious profession c\. to promote human welfare The earliest forms of psychology practice in the Philippines were the areas of **testing, counseling, and clinical psychology.** 1960s: testing and measurement, personality and child development 1970s; social psychology and industrial psychology Research topics: social perception, communication, decision making, attitude change, altruism and reference groups The influence of American model of psychology brought over by US-trained pioneers of Philippine psychology was highly apparent in the psychology curriculum of many schools in the use of western research methodology, textbooks, and psychological tests. 1970\'s: shift from behaviorism and experimental method ** Virgilio Enriquez** of the University of the Philippines founded the Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino, **or PSSP (National Association for Filipino Psychology) in 1975** There is an apparent need to localize the discipline Delining the boundaries of psychology, professionalizing the discipline, establishing and maintaining local and international linkages, conducting meaningful research, and upgrading the quality of education and the training of psychologists The number of schools with psychology programs has continued to increase Research in Sikolohiyang Pilipino INDIGENOUS RESEARCH METHODS researches which are interpreted within a local frame of reference, reflect local behaviors and yield results that are locally relevant -putting emphasis on **pakikipagpalagayang-loob**, translating or attaining mutual understanding. \- two scales for the analysis of research: 1. **the scale for the researcher-** the main procedures from the simplest to the most complex: *pagmamasid - pakikiramdam pagtatanong-tanong pagsubok - pagdalaw-dalaw - pagmamatyag - pagsusubaybay,pakikialam -,pakikilahok - pakikisangkot* **2. level of interaction between the researcher and the participant-** methods from the most civil to the most intimate: p*akikitungo pakikisalamuha pakikilahok pakikibagay pakikipaglagayang loob - pakikisangkot - pakikiisa pakikisama* given these, it is evident that the value of relationships in the Philippine setting is a determinant of the nature, amount and relevance of data gathered during research in SP \* **Ma. Grace A. De Vera\'s** study on adultery - used the methods of **pakikipagkwentuhan** to obtain her data **main reasons were**: (1) the shortcomings of a spouse, and (2) the old age of one\'s partner \- **ethical issues arose:** deception, observer bias, some of the terms were not defined **\*Santiago\'s study** of the concept of manhood in Baliwag, Bulacan \- she gathered data by means of living with her participants; would switch houses every other day to get a feel of how her participants lived and formulated their ideas if manhood. \- utilized **pakapa-kapa:** the researcher tries to get feel of what it is like to live life as one of the participants Indigenous Research Methods **1. Pakapa-kapa (groping)-** a suppositionless approach to social scientific investigations **2. Pagtatanong-tanong (Asking questions)-** the researcher engages the participant in a more unstructured and interactive questioning session **3. Pakikipagkwentuhan**- requires the researcher to motivate participants to narrate their experiences about an episode or event **4. Ginagabayang talakayan**- combination of a community dialog, focused group discussion, and group attestation **5. Nakikiugaling pagmamasid (participant observation)** **6. Pakikisama (getting along with)** **7. Pagdalaw-dalaw (visiting)** **8. Panunuluyan (residing in the research setting)** Guiding Principles in the Use of Indigenous Perspective 1\. Level of interaction or relationship that exists between the researcher and research. 2\. Research participants should always be treated by researchers as equal. 3\. The welfare of the research participants take precedence over the data obtained from them. 4\. The method is used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. 5\. The language of people should be the language of research at all times.