Lesson 1 - History of Robotics.pdf

Introduction to Robotics History of Robotics Lesson 1  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: ○ explain the Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics; ○ explain the three categories of robots; ○ explain the five general types of robots...

Introduction to Robotics History of Robotics Lesson 1  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: ○ explain the Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics; ○ explain the three categories of robots; ○ explain the five general types of robots; ○ discuss the reasons why we need robots; ○ identify the different practical applications of robots; What are robots? A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer.  The definition of robots varies from one person to another depending on how we perceived robots. The following are the definition of robots.  01. A robot is an autonomous machine capable of sensing its environment, carrying out computations to make decisions, and performing actions in the real world.  02. Robotics is an interdisciplinary sector of science and engineering dedicated to the design, construction and use of mechanical robots.  03. Robots is an artificial machine. Why do we need robots?  01. Robots are energetic workers! They don’t get tired unlike humans who have limited energy for working.  02. Robots are good in doing repetitive tasks that we always feel bored doing. It can work with great precision and accuracy.  03. Robots can work in dangerous environments for humans. It can handle tasks that are hazardous for the health and well-being of a human worker.  04. Robots are frequently cheaper than human workers, they don’t fall sick or die, they just need maintenance, repairs and parts replacement. Timeline of Robotics 320 B.C Greek Philosopher Aristotle made this famous quote: “If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it... then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords.” 1495 Around 1495 Leonardo da Vinci sketched plans for a humanoid robot. 1700 - 1900 Between 1700 and 1900 a number of life-sized automatons were created including a famous mechanical duck made by Jacques de Vaucanson that could crane its neck, flap its wings and even swallow food. 1913 Henry Ford installs the world’s first moving conveyor belt-based assembly line in his car factory. A Model T can be assembled in 93 minutes. 1920 Karel Capek coins the word ‘robot’ to describe machines that resemble humans in his play called Rossums Universal Robots. The play was about a society that became enslaved by the robots that once served them. The word robot is derived from a Czech word which means “compulsory labor”. 1932 The first true robot toy was produced in Japan. The ‘Lilliput’ was a wind-up toy which walked. It was made from tinplate and stood just 15cm tall. 1937 Alan Turing releases his paper “On Computable Numbers” which begins the computer revolution. 1941 Legendary science fiction writer Isaac Asimov writes the short story ‘Liar!’ in which he describes the Three Laws of Robotics. His stories were recompiled into the volume “I, Robot” in 1950 – later reproduced as a movie starring Will Smith.  Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics 1 2 3 A robot may not injure A robot must obey A robot must protect a human being or, any orders given to it its own existence as through inaction, by human beings, long as such allow a human being except where such protection does not to come to harm. orders would conflict conflict with the First with the First Law. or Second Law.  1950 Alan Turing proposes a test to determine if a machine truly has the power to think for itself. To pass the test a machine must be indistinguishable from a human during conversation. It has become known as the ‘Turing Test’.  1954 George Devol and Joe Engleberger design the first programmable robot ‘arm’, UNIMATE. This later became the first industrial robot, completing dangerous and repetitive tasks on an assembly line at General Motors (1962).  1957 The Soviet Union launches ‘Sputnik’, the first artificial orbiting satellite. This marks the beginning of the space race.  1964 The IBM 360 becomes the first computer to be mass-produced.  1968 Stanley Kubrick makes Arthur C. Clark's, 2001: A Space Odyssey into a movie. It features HAL, an onboard computer that develops a mind of its own.  1969 The U.S. successfully use the latest in computing, robotic and space technology to land Neil Armstrong on the moon.  1986 The first LEGO based educational products are put on the market and Honda launches a project to build a walking humanoid robot.  1994 Carnegie Universities eight-legged walking robot, Dante ll, successfully descends into Mt Spur to collect volcanic gas samples.  1997 On May 11, a computer built by IBM known as Deep Blue beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov  1998 LEGO launches its first Robotics Inventions System.  1999 Sony releases the first version of AIBO, a robotic dog with the ability to learn, entertain and communicate with its owner. More advanced versions have followed.  2000 Honda debuts ASIMO, the next generation in its series of humanoid robots.  2004 Epson release the smallest known robot, standing 7cm high and weighing just 10 grams. The robot helicopter is intended to be used as a ‘flying camera’ during natural disasters.  2005 Researchers at Cornell University build the first self-replicating robot. Each ‘robot’ is made up of a small tower of computerized cubes which link together through the use of magnets.  2008 After being first introduced in 2002, the popular Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner has sold over 2.5 million units, proving that there is a strong demand for this type of domestic robotic technology.  Classification of Robots Simple level Middle level Complex level These are automatic These robots are These robots are machines which do not programmed but can programmed and can contain complex circuit. never be be reprogrammed as They are developed just reprogrammed. These well. They contain to extend human robots contain sensor- complex model-based potential. based circuits and can circuit. perform multiple tasks. Characteristics of Robots  01. All robots consist of different mechanical materials.  02. Robots need electrical components that control and power the machinery.  03. Robots contain at least some level of computer programming. Five Types of Robots  01. Pre-Programmed Robots Pre-programmed robots operate in a regulated environment where they are tasked to accomplished simple, repetitive jobs.  02. Humanoid Robots Humanoid robots are robots that looks like and/or mimic human behavior.  03. Autonomous Robots Autonomous robots operate independently of human operators. These robots are usually designed to carry out tasks in open environments that do not require human supervision.  04. Teleoperated Robots Teleoperated robots are mechanical bots controlled by humans. These robots usually work in extreme geographical conditions, weather, circumstances, etc.  05. Augmenting Robots Augmenting robots can either enhance human capabilites or replace the capabilities a human may have lost. Uses of Robots  01. Manufacturing The manufacturing industry is probably the first and the oldest known user of robots.  02. Logistics Shipping, handling and quality control robots are becoming a necessity for online retailers and logistic companies.  03. Home Robots help us to make our household chores easy or sometimes we let robots do it for us, reminding us on our schedule, and even entertaining our family.  04. Travel Autonomous way of travelling such as self-driving cars and cars that can transform into an aircraft.  05. Healthcare Robot is good in the healthcare system is their ability to perform things with higher precision and accuracy.  06. Security and Military Robots brought into play in military and armed forces. One good thing about robot used in military is eventually the robots are being employed in law enforcement, exploration and salvage, and other associated fields.  07. Space Exploration Robots can go far and beyond the space. These robots are used to help us study the outer space and the celestial bodies in the universe.  08. Farm and Food Production Farmers and harvesters in developed countries use robots to cut and collect crops, and other farm- related activities.  09. Entertainment Interactive robots that shows behavior and education capability. These robots can be used by students in learning different skills, it can also be their buddy in doing tasks.  10. Hobby and Competition there are a lot of robotics competition both local and international that students, hobbyists, teachers, and professionals can join. Competitions for robots like playing soccer, first to finish an obstacle course, sumo wrestling, and a lot more. Wrap-up Robota The Czech word for “compulsory labor”  Karel Capek He first coined the term robot in his play “Rossum’s Universal Robots” Reasons to use robots  Robots are cheaper than human workers. They do not get tired. They are very efficient in doing work with precision and accuracy. They never get bored in doing repetitive tasks. They can work in dangerous environment not suitable for humans  Three Categories of robots  Simple level robots Middle level robots Complex level robots  Five General Types of robots o Preprogrammed robots o Autonomous robots o Humanoid robots o Teleoperated robots o Augmenting robots Uses of robots o Manufacturing o Logistics o Home o Travel o Healthcare o Security and Military o Space Exploration o Farm and Food Production o Entertainment o Hobby and Competition Thanks! CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik Resources  Resources Online Resources Slides Angelina. (2019, September 11). Robotics In slidesgo.com 2020: Types Of Robots That We Use. Retrieved from Robots.net: https://robots.net/robotics/types-of- robots/ builtin. (n.d). Robotics. What is Robotics? Types of Robots. Retrieved from www.builtin.com: https://builtin.com/robotics Elprocus. (n.d). Robots - Types and Applications. Retrieved from Electronics | Projects | Focus: https://www.elprocus.com/robots-types- applications/