ATP - The Energy Currency of the Cell PDF

ATP The Energy Currency of the Cell Objective: Explain coupled reaction process and describe the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer. W 1.What is oxidation? 2.What is reduction? 3.Why is it said that oxidation – reduction is coupled react...

ATP The Energy Currency of the Cell Objective: Explain coupled reaction process and describe the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer. W 1.What is oxidation? 2.What is reduction? 3.Why is it said that oxidation – reduction is coupled reaction? N 1.How do TESLA car different from other car? 2.Where do living cells get their supply of energy? WHAT IS ATP? ATP - stands for adenosine triphosphate - energy – carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things - energy currency of the cell WHY IS ENERGY SO IMPORTANT TO LIVING THINGS Living cells need supplies of energy for thousands of activities at the same time to drive metabolic reactions that would not occur automatically to transport needed substances across cell membrane to do mechanical work such as movement, contraction of muscles, conduction of nerve cell to draw water from the deep inside the earth STRUCTURE OF ATP A molecule of ATP is consists of three main parts: 1. The nitrogen base – Adenine 2. The sugar – ribose 3. Chain of three phosphate molecules The bonds that link the phosphate are equally high energy bonds (phosphoanhydride bonds) that when broken, which occur through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis) released sufficient energy to power a variety of cellular reaction and process. These high – energy bonds are the bonds between the second and third phosphate group and between the first and second HOW IS ATP RELEASED? When energy is required in some process in the cell (for example active transport), the cell will hydrolyze (break) the bond between the second and third phosphate molecules on ATP. This releases the energy. When this occur ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate or ADP, the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. It takes a significant amount of energy is required to attach a free phosphate, converting ADP to ATP. ADP and ATP is constantly convert back and forth in this manner. WHERE THE CELL GETS ITS ATP Animal cell get the energy from the food that is consumed. Most food molecules contain a great deal of energy. And the energy in that food ultimately came from the sun. In a process called cellular respiration, chemical energy in food is converted into chemical energy that the cell can use, and stores it in molecules of ATP.  HOW DO CELL MAKE ATP The two mechanisms used by the cell to generate ATP 1. Substrate - level phosphorylation is the production of ATP from ADP by a direct transfer of a high – energy phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate metabolic compound in an exergonic metabolic pathway. 2. Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP using energy derived from the transfer of electrons in an electron transport system and occurs by ON 1.Why your body gets warmer when you are physically active? 2.What would happen if our body did not produced ATP? ON How does ATP able to do work for the cell? How does it work?