lectures.csv

QuestionType,QuestionText,AnswerA,AnswerB,AnswerC,AnswerD,CorrectAnswer,CorrectAnswerText,CorrectAnswerInfo “multiple_choice,”“What is the function of Halorhodopsins in optogenetics?”“,”“Conducts chloride ions into the cytoplasm”“,”“Activates biological function upon illumination dictated by the int...

QuestionType,QuestionText,AnswerA,AnswerB,AnswerC,AnswerD,CorrectAnswer,CorrectAnswerText,CorrectAnswerInfo “multiple_choice,”“What is the function of Halorhodopsins in optogenetics?”“,”“Conducts chloride ions into the cytoplasm”“,”“Activates biological function upon illumination dictated by the intracellular loops used in the hybrid”“,”“Depolarizes the cell”“,”“Conducts cations and depolarizes neurons on illumination”“,A,”“Conducts chloride ions into the cytoplasm”“,”“Halorhodopsins in optogenetics conduct chloride ions into the cytoplasm, leading to hyperpolarization of the cell.”"" “multiple_choice,”“How does phosphorylation of SNAP-25 by PKC affect exocytosis?”“,”“Inhibits interaction with syntaxin”“,”“Reduces calcium sensitivity of synaptotagmin”“,”“Increases interaction with syntaxin”“,”“Enhances binding to calcium/calmodulin complex”“,A,”“Inhibits interaction with syntaxin”“,”“Phosphorylation of SNAP-25 by PKC inhibits its interaction with syntaxin, potentially enhancing Ca2+-dependent exocytosis.”"" “multiple_choice,”“What does sensitization involve in terms of early-phase functional effects?”“,”“Adenyl cyclase intra-cellular”“,”“5-HT activates intra-cellular processes”“,”“Presynaptic Pre to Post Signaling”“,cAMP,D,cAMP,”“In terms of early-phase functional effects, sensitization involves the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).”"" “multiple_choice,”“What is a key role of the hippocampus according to the multiple-trace theory?”“,”“Facilitating neocortical consolidation without fast plasticity”“,”“Promoting lateral connections in the neocortex”“,”“Solely responsible for procedural memory storage”“,”“Orchestrating cortical binding and indexing”“,D,”“Orchestrating cortical binding and indexing”“,”“The multiple-trace theory suggests that a key role of the hippocampus is orchestrating cortical binding and indexing.”"" “multiple_choice,”“What type of memory was spared in Patient HM despite the memory deficit for events?”“,”“Semantic memory”“,”“Episodic memory”“,”“Procedural memory”“,”“Working memory”“,C,”“Procedural memory”“,”“Patient HM’s skill learning and performance on tasks like the mirror-tracing task were spared, indicating preservation of procedural or skill learning memory.”"" “multiple_choice,”“Which gene manipulation tool is used to interfere with LTP and CA1 place fields?”“,CREB-Cre,”“Optogenetic tools”“,”“Bacteriophage P”“,”“Tetra cycline transactivator”“,A,CREB-Cre,”“CREB-Cre is a gene manipulation tool used to interfere with long-term potentiation (LTP) and CA1 place fields.”"" “multiple_choice,”“What is the function of SNARE proteins in neuronal signaling?”“,”“To promote calcium ion influx”“,”“To regulate gene expression”“,”“To detach synaptic vesicles from the reserve pool”“,”“To increase intracellular concentration of calcium ions”“,C,”“To detach synaptic vesicles from the reserve pool”“,”“SNARE proteins function to detach synaptic vesicles from the reserve pool, allowing them to become available for release.”"" “multiple_choice,”“What is the primary function of LoxP / Cre in molecular biology?”“,”“To manipulate contribution of single genes to plasticity”“,”“To interfere with long-term potentiation (LTP)”“,”“To disrupt original gene function”“,”“To selectively associate a stimulus with a response”“,C,”“To disrupt original gene function”“,”“The primary function of LoxP / Cre in molecular biology is to disrupt the original gene function, leading to a spatially specific knockout.”"" “multiple_choice,”“What is the main function of calmodulin in the neuronal signaling process?”“,”“To detach synaptic vesicles from the reserve pool”“,”“To form a complex with calcium ions”“,”“To serve as a second messenger”“,”“To activate protein kinase C”“,B,”“To form a complex with calcium ions”“,”“Calmodulin forms a complex with calcium ions, which then activates various downstream signaling processes.”"" “multiple_choice,”“What is the significance of synapsin I phosphorylation in neuronal signaling?”“,”“Causes dissociation of synapsin I from the vesicular membrane”“,”“Promotes calcium-dependent exocytosis”“,”“Increases interaction with syntaxin”“,”“Enhances calcium sensitivity of synaptotagmin”“,A,”“Causes dissociation of synapsin I from the vesicular membrane”“,”“Phosphorylation of synapsin I causes dissociation from the vesicular membrane, making the vesicle available for release.”"" “multiple_choice,”“What is the role of a receptor in the neuronal signaling process?”“,”“To synthesize neurotransmitters”“,”“To facilitate interneuron communication”“,”“To bind to neurotransmitters”“,”“To serve as a second messenger”“,C,”“To bind to neurotransmitters”“,”“The receptor’s role is to bind to neurotransmitters, initiating the signaling process.”""

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