Computer System Unit Components PDF

COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT  Components of System Units WHAT The system unit CPU YOU Memory Expansion slots and expansion WILL cards Ports LEARN Buses  Explain the component of a computer system unit LEARN...

COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT  Components of System Units WHAT The system unit CPU YOU Memory Expansion slots and expansion WILL cards Ports LEARN Buses  Explain the component of a computer system unit LEARNIN Explain the CPU G Contrast Memory and external storage OUTCOM Describe what a motherboard is Describe purpose of system bus E and external ports Describe a computer network SYSTEM UNIT ▪ Usually a computer is physically contained inside a metal/aluminum/plastic casing (chassis), which houses other supporting electronic devices which enhances the use of the computer. ▪ The whole package is known as the system unit. ▪ The system unit also houses the power supply required to power all the electronic components of the computer. ▪ “ The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data”. ▪ All computers and mobiles devices have a system unit. INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT Motherboard What does the inside of a computer look like? Hard disk (Ext. Storage) Just to familiar with the electronic RAMcomponents of a system unit. (Int. Storage) CPU  Typical component s in a higher-end desktop and laptop System unit INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Why isn’t the system unit filled with a lot of wires? Most of the components inside a computer are integrated circuit, commonly called chips or microchips. An Integrated circuit (IC) is a combination of microscopic circuit elements such as wires, transistors, capacitors, and resistors. IC is used in a variety of devices like microprocessors, audio and video equipment due to their small size integrated circuits are used in almost every type of electronic equipment. MOTHERBOARD The motherboard, sometimes called a system board, is the main circuit board of the computer. Many electronic components, such as the processor and memory, attach to the motherboard; others are built into it. The main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose microcomputers It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system Motherboard, sometimes called a system board In a microcomputer, the motherboard contains the processor (CPU) chip, the chips for computer memory (ROM/RAM), and chips that handle basic input and output devices. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also known as processor. Interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer On larger computers, such as mainframes and supercomputers, the various functions performed by the processor extend over many separate chips and often multiple circuit boards. On a personal computer, all functions of the processor usually are on a single chip. Some computer and chip manufacturers use the term microprocessor to refer to a personal computer processor chip. Consists of: ALU (arithmetic-logic unit) and, CU (control unit) Both work together to perform processing operations CONTROL UNIT (CU) The CU, as the name suggests, controls the proper operation of the CPU and other components of the computer. The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. That is, it interprets each instruction issued by a program or an application and then initiates the appropriate action to carry out the instruction. ARITHMETIC-LOGIC UNIT (ALU) Major component of the central processing unit of a computer system. It does all processes related to arithmetic and logic operations that need to be done on instruction words. Contains digital circuits that perform the arithmetic (mathematical) and logical (comparison) operations. All the instructions from the computer program is executed in the ALU Most ALUs can perform the following operations: Arithmetic operations Basic calculation (+, -, x, /) Comparison operation Comparing one data item with another (e.g: greater than, equal to, or less than); Logic operations (AND, NOT, OR, XOR) RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) RAM is a type of computer data storage. Known as main memory/volatile memory It temporarily holds data that is waiting to be processed and it requires power to maintain the stored information The term "random access" means that any ‘area’ in the memory can be accessed as quickly as any other ‘area’. In terms of security, volatile memory is very secure since it does not retain any record at all after power is removed HOW RAM WORKS WEB MONITOR KEYBOARD RAM CPU READ ONLY MEMORY - ROM ROM is a storage media used in computers. Known as non-volatile memory Storing permanent data and instructions It can retrieve stored information even after having been power cycled (turned off and back on). Because data stored in ROM cannot be modified, it is mainly used to store firmware. Data is embedded in the ROM For example:- ROM in printers contain data for fonts.  BUS In computer architecture, a bus is a communication subsystem that allows transfers of data between computer components inside a computer or between computers. A bus can logically connect several peripherals over the same set of wires.  Determine its operation Determine where it should be sent Carry information  PORTS A connector at one end of a cable attaches to a port on the computer or mobile device, and a connector at the other end of the cable attaches to a port on the peripheral device. Wireless Device Connections Bluetooth – Technology uses short-range radio signals to transmit data between two Bluetooth enabled computers or devices Wi-Fi - uses radio signals that conform to 802.11 standards, which were developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Near Field Communication (NFC) – uses close-range radio signals to transmit data between two NFC-enabled devices. EXPANSION CARD An expansion card is a manufactured circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard to add additional functionality to a computer system. The group of expansion cards that are used for external connectivity, such as a network, sound, video or modem card, are commonly referred to as input/output cards (or I/O cards). Graphics cards are common. Graphic card Network card Sound card  PERIPHERAL DEVICES Devices that is connected to a host computer Three different types of peripherals Input, used to interact with, or send data to the computer (mouse, keyboards, etc.) Output, which provides output to the user from the computer (monitors, printers, etc.) Storage, which stores data processed by the computer (hard drives, flash drives, etc.)  NETWORKS Now that we know what a computer looks like outside and inside, let’s connect a bunch of them together. Multiple computers can be physically connected to each other. This allows each computer to communicate with one another and to share resources (e.g. sharing a printer) When a group of computers are connected together, we say they form a network.