Television Production Lecture 2 PDF

Television Production Lecture 2 The steps of production The Television studio and its components History Of The Television Radio objectives  The Studio and its Components Television studio vary in size and equipments ,...

Television Production Lecture 2 The steps of production The Television studio and its components History Of The Television Radio objectives  The Studio and its Components Television studio vary in size and equipments , some are small few equipments and others are large as a sound stage it all depends on the purpose of the. program presented  The Studio Components As we agreed that the studios varies from one another so there are no specific equipments in each studio but those are the equipment used : in the Television studios  The Studio Components Continued A- The Studio The Camera -1 2-the microphones 3-Chrome (green /blue. White Decore -4 Lighting -5 B- the control room Audio Mixer -1 Switcher -2 screen /live and Pre live -3  1- The camera Television camera is still the most important piece of production equipment The camera types are classified by the way they are used, as some of them are used for studios and other are used for the coverage of the live events  1-Types of Camera Television camera is still the most important part for any production there are 3 types of Television cameras: 1- Studio Cameras (EFP) 2- EFP Electronic field Production camera 3- ENG camcorders The Three are working by HDV (High Definition Video)  1-Types of Cameras 1- Studio Cameras Studio cameras is generally used to describe High Quality Cameras , even when the camera is even small Studio cameras are used for Multi camera productions such as, news , interviews , panel show  1-Types of Cameras 2- EFP Electronic field Production camera: The EFP Are portable and shoulder – mounted Camera that must be connected to external video recorder Can be carried on shoulder or on Tripod  1-Types of Cameras 2- ENG Electronic News Gathering camera (Camcorder): Those cameras are High Quality Portable cameras with the recording device built in.  2-The microphone Microphones can be divided according to: A- The Pick –up Pattern 1- Bi Directional 2- uni Directional 3- Omni directional B- The Function and usage 1- Hand Microphone 2- BOOM Microphones 3- Head set Microphones 4- Wireless Microphone (Can be Hidden)  The Studio Components Continued A- The Studio The Camera -1 2-the microphones 3-Chroma (green /blue. White Decor -4 Lighting -5 B- the control room Audio Mixer -1 Switcher -2 screen /live and Pre live -3  : It consists of the two word 2- The Lighting : Definition of Lighting Means to control Light and shadows :three principal reasons 1- To help the Television camera to see well 2- to help the viewers see well by recognizing what things and people look like 3- To establish for the Viewer a specific Mood about an event  Types of lighting There are 3 Main types for the Camera : lighting : The Key Lighting -1 The Fill Light -2 The Back Light -3  1- The Key Light It the main source of Illumination , and it’s Major Function is to Reveal the Basic shape of the Object The purpose of the key light is to put the light on the subject. You can place it anywhere you want, but a common placement is about 45 degrees to either side of the camera, and about 45 degrees up from the subject.  2- The Fill Light It Provides Generally illumination to reduce the shadow and the contrast It’s half the illumination of the Key Light The purpose of the fill light is simply to fill in the shadows caused by the key light.  3- The Back Light This is used to separate the subject from the background. It Must Be Directly behind the subject To Get Good Back Lighting you need a space between the Back ground and the subject The Differences between The 3 Types  The Capacity of light You can use one of the capacity of lights which is : 1- Hard Lighting 2- Soft Lighting. Hard light makes distinct, hard-edged shadows. Soft light makes shadows that are barely visible. A sunny day is hard light. A cloudy day is soft light. It’s that simple and that complicated. The difference between The Hard Light and the soft light  Studio Lighting Instruments There Are 2 main instruments for studio lights : 1- The Spot Lights Produce Directional , well defined Light from Sharp Light Beam 2- The Flood Lights Produce Great Amounts of highly diffused light Flood light Spot light  3- Chroma The Chroma usually consists of a blue or green Back color It is used to provide background that are electronically generated The process of separating the Green and the blue back ground is called Chroma Keying  4- The Décor There are two main types of : decoration The Still Decoration -1. The portable Decoration -2  5- The Switcher There are three Basic Functions : of the Production Switcher Monitor Display -1 Selecting video -2 Sources(Input) Creating special effects -3 Performing Transitions -4.between cameras  The Switcher Transitions : The Wipe -1 During The Wipe the source video is gradually replaced by the second image Can be Vertical or Horizontal  The Switcher Transitions : The Dissolve -2 You Dissolve from Camera 1 to Camera 2  The Switcher Transitions : The Fade To Black -3 It Can Be Fade In or Fade Out : Split Screen -4  The Television Crew : We Can Device the Crew Into Non – Technical Production Crew -1 Technical Production Crew -2 News Production Personnel -3  The Non-Technical crew : Producer-1 Responsible for all Personnel Working on the production and coordinating technical and non- technical elements : Executive Producer -2 Manages Budget coordinates with Advertising agencies , financial supporters : Production Manager -3 Schedules all equipments and personnel for all studio and field production  The Non-Technical crew :Floor Manager-4 In charge of all activates in the studio floor :Director -5 Responsible for Transforming a script into an effective video and audio messages :Associate Director (AP) -6 Assists the director in actual production Writer -7 At smaller productions and programs always the script is written by the director But He Is Hired as a freelance  The Non-Technical crew : Art Director-8 In charge of creative designs and locations especially the Live Programs : Graphic Artist -9 Responsible for computer Graphics, titles , Electronic Background : Make-up Artist -10 : sound Designer -11 Construct Complete sound tracks in large productions usually hired as A free Lance  The Technical crew The Technical crew Is divided into : Engineering staff Non Engineering Staff 1- Chief Engineer 1- Camera Operator 2- Maintenance Engineer 2- Lighting Director 3- Video Editor 4- Audio Technician  The News Crew 1- News Director : In charge of all News Operations 2- Producer : Directly responsible for the selection of the News Stories 3- Assignment Editor : Assign Reporters and Videographer to specific events 4-Vedio Journalist : Reporters who shoot And edit  The News Crew 3- Videographer : Camcorder Operator 3- Anchor : Principal presenter of newscast 4- Weather Caster : on camera talent , reporting the weather 5-Sports caster : On Camera Talent , Giving sports news and commentary