Lecture Slides Ch 7 8 Traditional, Brief, and Creative Approaches UPDATED PDF

Traditional, Brief, and Creative Approaches Why Theories? Provide a framework for counsellors A systematic way of viewing therapy and of outlining therapeutic methods to intervene to help others Guides clinical practice Identifying client problem Strateg...

Traditional, Brief, and Creative Approaches Why Theories? Provide a framework for counsellors A systematic way of viewing therapy and of outlining therapeutic methods to intervene to help others Guides clinical practice Identifying client problem Strategies to support clients Therapeutic relationship as change agent Traditional & Brief Approaches 1st Wave 2nd Wave Psychodynamic Behaviour, CBT Approaches Approaches Counselling Theories 3rd Wave 4th Wave Humanistic Approaches Postmodern Approaches First Wave: Psychodynamic Assumptions ▪ A person’s history affects present behaviors and relationships ▪ There is an unconscious mind that exerts significant influence over present behavior ▪ The personality is structured into various substructures, such as ego, id, and superego  Psychodynamic Assumptions ▪ A person’s personality is significantly impacted by early relationships in life, especially with one’s mother ▪ Insight into one’s personality and internal dynamics can help resolve various psychopathologies ▪ Clients project onto the counsellor interrelational patterns from earlier unresolved issues, most often with the clients’ parents; the transference of these patterns can be analyzed and used to promote change in the counselling relationship Key Characteristics Restructuring personality Making the unconscious, conscious Long-term therapy Techniques – free association, dream analysis, insight, working through transference Adlerian Therapy Second Wave Theories Behaviour Therapy Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy Cognitive Therapy CBTs Reality Therapy Key Characteristics Change maladaptive thinking and behaviours Goal driven Therapy is largely educational Many techniques Short-term Reality Therapy Third Wave: Humanistic Theories Emphasize freedom, choice, Person- values, growth, self- Centered actualization, spontaneity, creativity, play, humour Existential Gestalt Key Characteristics Focus on the quality of the therapeutic relationship Phenomenological Insight, awareness, and meaning Few techniques (Gestalt - many techniques) Person-Centered Therapy Existential Therapy Gestalt Therapy Fourth Wave: Postmodern Theories Postmodernism assumes all knowledge is politically, historically, and culturally created Multiple realities exist All knowledge is relational Human knowledge of an objective reality is not possible Key Characteristics Clients as experts on their lives People are people, and problems are problems – people are never problems Externalization, and many other techniques Focuses on exceptions Brief Narrative Therapy Solution-Focused Therapy Some Contemporary Approaches Motivational Interviewing Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Internal Family Systems Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy  Creative Approaches Art Therapy Healing through creative expression Therapists recognize art processes, forms, content, and associations as reflections of one’s development, abilities, interests, and concerns (Dufrene, 1990) Psychodrama J. L Moreno A form of psychotherapy in which clients enact the relevant events in their lives instead of discussing them Clients are encouraged to express themselves through dramatization, role playing, and dramatic self-presentation. Verbal and nonverbal techniques are incorporated 3 Distinct Phases in Psychodrama Warm- Action Sharing up Music Therapy Not necessary to have a musical background May include listening to, reflecting on, or creating music Nature Therapy Nature is restorative & grounding Horticultural therapy Wilderness/adventure therapy Animal-Assisted Therapy Basic caretaking activities with the animal (ie. grooming, feeding, walking/leading) Develop a bond - build empathy and trust Self-regulation and soothing Dance May be guided or free forms of movement Non-verbal – movement vocabulary Emotional expression, mirroring movements Somatic Approaches  Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Ayahuasca DMT Ketamine LSD MDMA Psilocybin Integrative Approach Systematic integration of underlying principles & methods common to a range of therapeutic approaches Open to idea that theories can be unified Developing An Integrative Perspective Beware of mixing theories with incompatible underlying assumptions about meanings, origins, development, maintenance, significance & management of problems Therapists must be flexible & versatile