Community Health Nursing 1 Lecture Notes PDF

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 (CHNN 1) Aida V. Garcia R.N., M.A.N.  Objectives DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY TERMS HEALTH NURSING -Health -Concept -Public Health -Principles -Public Health Nursing -Philosophy - Comm...

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 (CHNN 1) Aida V. Garcia R.N., M.A.N.  Objectives DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY TERMS HEALTH NURSING -Health -Concept -Public Health -Principles -Public Health Nursing -Philosophy - Community -Goal Health Nursing  What is a community? a group of people with common characteristics or interests living together within a territory or geographical boundary place where people under usual conditions are found DEFINITION OF HEALTH WHO State of COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL & WELL - BEING SOCIAL not merely an absence of disease or infirmity MODERN DEFINITION OLOF (Optimum Level of Functioning) Generally influences health... ECO-SYSTEM  POLITICAL – Safety, Oppression, People SYSTEM ECO- Empowerment BEHAVIOR – Culture, Habits, Ethnic Customs HEREDITY – Generic Endowment (Defect, Strengths, Risk), HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM – Promotive, Preventive, Curative, Rehabilitative ENVIRONMENT – Air, Food, Water Waste, Urban/Rural, Noise, Pollution, Radiation SOCIO-ECONOMIC – Employment, Education, Housing Income & Social Status Employment & working conditions Education Determinants to health Physical Environment Health Services Social Support Networks  Determinants to health Personal Behavior & coping skills Genetics Culture Gender PUBLIC HEALTH  Public Health WINSLOW WHO A science & Art of Prevents Art of applying science Dse, Promote in the context of politics health/efficiency, Prolong life Public Health is a CORE Organized COMMUNITY ELEMENT of EFFORT for GOVERNMENT :sanitation env’t attempt to improve :control CD citizens welfare :Education personal hygiene :Organization of : Essential PH Fxns... Medicine & Nrsg Service  WHO Public Health ESSENTIAL public Health FXNS. Winslow Devp of policy in public health For Early dx. & prev. tx Regulation to protect public of dse. Human Resource Dev. Devp of social Surveillance machinery to ensure a STANDARD of ADEQ. Research, innovative SOLN. Living for Ensure QUALITY health Service MAINTENANCE of Health Promotion HEALTH Reduce INEQUALITIES Enable EVERY CITIZEN Ensure BEST HEALTH for the to realize BIRTHRIGHT of GREATEST number health & longevity DEFINITION OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING Definition of Public Health Nursing LILLIAN WALD (coined) Director: Henry St. Settlement in New York Service that is AVAILABLE to ALL people “Public” Gov’tAgency care of poor people NATIONAL LEAGUE OF PHIL GOV’T NURSES (NLPGN) - Practice of nrsg. In local/ national gov’t health dept & public school - Position/Title/ Designation: (Civil Service Commission): Public Health Nurse (Nurses in Local/National Health Dept or public school) Definition of Public Health Nursing NLPGN - Diff. PHN & CHN is only ONE AREA setting of work as dictated by FUNDING DEFINITION of CHN by Dr. Ruth Freeman A SERVICE rendered by PROFESSIONAL NURSE With the I, F, G & C At HOME, HC, CLINICS, SCHOOLS, PLACES OF WORK For the PROMOTION of HEALTH, PREVENTION of ILLNESS, CARE of SICK at home & REHABILITATION  4 Level of Clientele (1) INDIVIDUAL – Unique -Sick or Well -“ Entry Point”  4 Level of Clientele FAMILY – Group of person bound by blood marriage adoption - “Unit of Service”  (3) COMMUNITY 4 Level of Clientele Group of persons sharing same culture situated in same geographical location Main Patient Main Concern  4 Level of Clientele (4) GROUP / POPULATION GROUP / RISK GROUP A. Same Age Group B. Same Characteristic C. Exposed to Same Environmental Factor DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING JACOBSON -Broader than PHN -Nursing Practice in a WIDE VARIETY of SERVICES & consumer advocate areas, variety ROLES, including INDEPENDENT PRACTICE -Not confined in Public Health Nursing CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING  CONCEPTS OF CHN FOCUS OF CARE= HEALTH PROMOTION DURATION OF CARE = Over a long period of time, COVERAGE OF CARE = ALL ages, ALL types of health care Care is for ALL (REGARDLESS of race, creed, nationality & socio-economic, nationality)  CONCEPTS OF CHN FOCUS OF CARE= HEALTH PROMOTION WHO BENEFITS ? = Family, Community KNOWLEDGE USED? Current, Multi-disciplinary: (Biology ,Ecology ,Social Science) GENERALIST IN TERMS OF PRACTICE APPLIES NURSING PROCESS IN TAKING ACTION GOAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH Raise Level NURSING of Health PRINCIPLES OF CHN  PRINCIPLES OF CHN Must fully understand objectives & principles Primary Responsibility: HEALTH TEACHING Care is based on RECOGNIZED NEEDS of I, F & C Resources of community (GO & NGO) must be fully utilized There should be Accurate Record & Reporting Unit of Service = Family KNOWLEDGE USED No Knowledge will be obsolete Current , Updated EVALUATION ? Periodic PART OF HEALTH TEAM  PHILOSOPHY WORTH & DIGNITY of man - according to Dr. Margaret Shetland THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE  THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE Professional Qualifications: : Licensed Personal Qualifications :”People skills” : Strength Physical, mental & emotional : Tested – Leadership, resourcefulness, creative, honesty & integrity : Difference – Interest, willingness (capacity to work w/ people) FUNCTIONS CONSISTENT W/ 1. Nursing Law 2002 2. Program Policies of DOH 3. Policies of Local Gov’t health Agency  COMPETENCIES SKILL & KNOWLEDGE 1. Nursing Process 2. Nrsg Procedure (home visit/ clinic visit) 3. Community Organizing 4. Health Promotion & Education 5. Surveillance, records & reports FUNCTIONS of PHN  NURSING CARE FXN - Based on Science & Art of caring Towards health PROMOTION & Dse. PREV : I, F & C - Uses Nursing Process: Recognized NEEDS of clients - Home Visits: - Referral : other health provider : environmental health : social services COLLABORATING & COORDINATING FXN - Bring grp of activity in harmony w/ each other - PHN Care Coordinator - Linkages w/ :Gov’t agencies : NGO : health professionals : private sector  RESEARCH FXN : Activity – Disease Surveillance Continuous collection & analysis of data of cases & deaths : Purpose of Disease Surveillance (1) Measure Magnitude of problem (2) Measure effect of program – To improve strategies “ DATA WILL BE USED TO IMPROVE CARE”  RESEARCH FXN :  TRAINING FXN : Initiate Staff Devp & training program for Midwives & BHW : Training Needs Assessment (TNA) : Design, conducts training w/ resource person, Evaluate training : Training of Nrsg & Midwifery Affiliates (RLE) : Community – “Community Organizing” HEALTH PROMOTION & EDUCATION FXN Health Education = Basic Health Service = Major Component of health program. Done on daily basis. = Solid knowledge of principles of teaching/learning : As an educator – Provide info. better choices Uses skills in ADVOCACY, influence for health promotion SUPERVISORY FUNCTION PHN – Supervisor of midwives & auxiliary health workers : Formulate supervisory plan & conducts supervisory visit (supervisory checklist) : Identifies w/ supervisee issue / problem - Breach of procedure/ protocol coaching STAT Training (needs further capacity enhancement)  MANAGEMENT FUNCTION :5Management Fxns to attain objective : Organizes nursing (1) Planning service – implement (2) Organizing nursing service plan (3) Staffing as part of the overall (4) Directing & municipal health plan (5) Controlling (evaluation) PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE  PHN II – Frontline Health Worker. First Contact of pt. (Works in health center) - Prime mover for all health programs & activities - Assist physician during consultation - Provides health education (pre/post clinic visit) - Reaches out in community - Organizes community assemblies for health promotion - Performs Home Visits - Prepare, submit reports (W, M, Q, A)  PHN III -Acts as NURSE –IN – CHARGE - Supervises, guides, coordinates work of nurse - Interpret policies, participates in planning health program. NURSE V “Supervising PHN” - Assigned in health center w/ lying-in - Takes charge of staff & unit - Participates in program planning - Attends ,meeting, conference for improvement of health services - Evaluate performance of staff  NURSE VI -” Nurse Program Supervisor” -Conducts Program Orientation. - Conducts pre-service & in-service orientation - Consolidate reports - Study ratings of PHN performance - Initiate meeting, conferences for joint planning - Nursing consultant on technical matters.  Laws... RA 6758 RA 7305 Magna Carta of Public Standardized Health Workers SALARIES of government - Improved the social & employees economic well-being of health workers (Nursing Personnel) (Higher basic salary, hazard allowance, laundry allowance, subsistence allowance)  Law... RA 6713 CODE OF - Utmostresponsibility, CONDUCT & integrity, competence, loyalty, lead modest ETHICAL lives & uphold public STANDARDS FOR interest over personal PUBLIC interest OFFICIALS & EMPLOYEES LEVELS OF CARE PRIMARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE 1. Rural Health Unit (RHU) 2. Barangay Health Station (BHS) 3. Puericulture Center 4. Clinics of large Industrial firms – employee 5.Private practitioners / private clinics and others  Basic level of health care Promotion of health, early diagnosis of dse or disability & prevention of dse. The FIRST CONTACT between community members & other levels of health facility  Secondary Level of Health Care Emergency Hospital District Hospital Provincial Hospital City Hospital  Moderately specialized equipment & laboratory facilities Capable of Minor surgeries Referral Center for PHC  REGIONAL HEALTH SERVICES REGIONAL MEDICAL SERVICES & TRAINING HOSPITAL NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES MEDICAL CENTERS TEACHING & TRAINING HOSPITAL  ULTIMATE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED HEALTH PERSONNEL HIGHLY SPECIALIZED TECHNICAL LEVEL SPECIALIZED ICU ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES FOR DX,TX OF DSE & DISABILITY Thanks !  Helpful Links: About Public Health https://www.apha.org/what-is-public-health About Community Health Nursing http://nursingexercise.com/community-health-nursing-overview/ Practice Test https://nurseslabs.com/community-health-nursing-exam-145-items/  Reference Famorca, Z. 2013. Nursing Care of the Community, a comprehensive text on community and public health nursing in the Philippines, 2013, 357 – 370. Gesmundo,M. 2010 The Basic of Community Health Nursing, C & E Publishing, p. 353 Hunt, R. 2009. Introduction to Community-Based Nursing, Wolters Kluwers Lippicott Williams ans Wilkins Maglaya, A. 2009. Nursing Practice in the Community, Argonauta Corporation