Anatomy Review PDF

& Anatomy Review & 1. Histology : the study of tissues Cytology : the study of body Cells and their internal structure. 2....

& Anatomy Review & 1. Histology : the study of tissues Cytology : the study of body Cells and their internal structure. 2. Sustemic anatomy : studies the anatomy of each body system. regional anatomy : examines the structures in a body region. surface anatomy : focuses on superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures. comparative anutomy : examines anatomic similarities and differences in different species. Embryology studies development changes from conception to birth. : Pathologic anatomy examines macroscopic and microscopic anotomic changes : resulting from disease. Radiographic anatomy investigates internal structures visualized by scanning procedures.. How does 3 increasing surface area in the small intestine help the function ? Absorption of substances fromWithin the small intestine into the blood or lymph requires vast amounts ofsurface area. Three structures that increase surface area : Circular folds Villi and microvilli , H ability and react stimuli responsiveness to sense to. :. 5 Metabolism : the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body.. characteristics of 6 a cell : Cell membrane, cutoplasm nucleus DNA , ,, organelles , ribosomes , metabolism , reproduction , responsiveness to stimuli, homeostasis.. levels 7 of organization from simplest to most complex chemical level : atoms , molecules , macromolecules. Cellular level : Cells basic units of life. , Tissue level : Tissues , similar cells performing Common functions. Organ lever Organs, multiple working to geather tissues. related Organ organs work togeather level. system :  Organismal level : Organ systems function to geather.. & Organ System Organ System. 9 Oblique Plane : passes through structure at an angle. 10. Parts of the body and what region it belongs to 11 main function of serious fluid. · laud secrated by Cells in serious membrane · acts as lubricant reduces body friction caused by organs against · movement of wall. 12. of the body will you find ingunal What ? part hernia Ingunal region - ingunal Canal : lower part of the abdomen near the groin. 13. describe serious membrane. There are two ! parietal layer lines internal : surface of body wall. Visceral layer : covers external surface of organs. (Visceral 14. Mediastinum : median space in the thoracicCavity. 15. What does serous fund and pericardial do and what is the function ? protection and function of the heart and visceral Pericardial Cavity between parietal layers containing serious · : space - Fluid fluid back to #11. : go - serious 16. purpose of Control Center : Interprets Input from receptor and initiates changes through effector. 17. Center Identify receptor , Control , effector : receptor : detects changes in Variable (ex Change : in temp sensed by skin) Control Center : #16 effector 1s the structure that to alter the stimulus. changes : brings about 10. How does retinal respond to ? light converts energy from own into electrical energy associated with nerve signals involved. in sight.puttheminCorrect 19 mechanisis order meaControl 20. Set point : a black solid line pass from the center of the Vertical axis over the horizontal axis that represents the set point. 2) ex of feedback : resulting action Is opposite direction of neg the the stimulus. C2. ex of pos Feedback : Stimulus is reinforced to continue moving variable in the same direction until a Climatic event occurs , the body returns to homeostasis. ex breastfeeding blood clotting labor : , , 23. What happens when homeostatic system fails ? homeostatic imbalance or disease results. 24 first Step disease ? diagnosing a. in follow scientific method-examine and data. patient gather 25. Scientific method in order : 1. events observation. examine through. 2 Develop hypothesis for explaining a phenomenon a. 3 Experiment and test hypothesis by collecting data 4. DetermineIf data supports the hypothesis , or If the hypothesis modified. Should be rejected or 26. 3 forms of mass : solid : Bone Liquid Blood : gas Oxygen : 27. Of the 3 subatomic particles which one is the smallest ? Netrons , protons electrons , flections 1/1000th of the mase of a proton or neutron. , 28. and how do given the atomic number the atomic mass you call the number of neutrons ? atomic mass-atomic number = number of neutrons. 29 different atoms of. the same element. Kotopes : number of and electrons dif number of neutrons. protons : same · · Identical Chemical Characteristics : different atomic masses. 30. Biological half-life : the time required for half of the radioactive material from a test to be eliminated from the body. 31 lonic bonds :. Cations and anions bound by electrostatic forces. calledSalts. 32. Molecular formula : indiates number and type of atoms. (ex Carbonic acid : (H2(03)) structural formula : Indiates number and type of atoms. (carbon did a IndicatesatomWithinthemolecule (ex : c= 0 · = same number and type of but arranged differently in space · elements ,. 33. Homer : Molecules composed of the same number and types of atoms different but with a arrangement (ex glucose and : galactose 34 Y most common found in the body: Hydrogen elements Oxygen nitrogen Carbon. , , ,. 35. Fatty acid , polar or non-polar ? Nompolar 36. How does bond work ? a Hydrogen forms between polar molecules. · Attraction between partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom · individually weak collectively strong. influences how water molecules benave. 31. Water has specific heat how does that help temperature regulation ? Water Value extremely high due to energy needed to break hydrogen bonds. contributes to keeping body temp Constant. 38. What happens to a nonpolar charge when placed in water ? ItWill avoid the water and Grump togeather Lex oir : at the top of water) (3 - 3 = 2) 39 If. you take a solution PH3-pHs Whats happening ?to the hydrogen Ions? Increasing or decreasings and now much decrease decreasing by 10100 (Hydrogen It's decreasing, Cons Mo Chemical Buffer Help prevent pH acid changesIf excess or base is added.. : · It from excess acid accept or donate He to neutralize base. 41 main. property of hydrocarbons ? contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. 42 · Specific name for monimor for proteins ? amino acid 43. Know the different types of lipids : Triglycerides , phospholipids , steroids , Ficosanoids. Triglycerides : are used for long time energy storage formed from glycerol and Three fatty acide Phospholipids Amphipathic · : molecules that serve as chemical barriers of Cell membranes. steroids : composed of hydrocarbons arranged in multiringed structure. Ficosanoids : Modified 20-carbon fatty acids , synthesized from arachidonic acd , membrane component , local signaling molecules. Primary functions in inflammatory response and nervous system communication. 14. Common lipid found in the body ? Triglycerides. 45. Three that make up the nucleotide ? components 1. 2 Sugar. Phosphate group 3. Nitrogenous base  46. What the different type of ? are proteins enzymes Synthesis and : digestion. cytoskeleton Proteins : structural support. · activ and myosin of muscle : Body. movement carrier proteins : Membrane transport Antibodies Protection · : blood. hemoglobin Transport · : in M7. M structures of protein S One strands of acid / or more amino monomers - / 20 different amino acids found in living organisms i each have a amine and a carboxyl functional group Carbon also covalently bonded and different side chain to a hydrogen structures. amino acids are covalently linked by peptide bonds. 48. What would changing the pH do to a protein? denature , alter their change and , reduce or stop their activity by disrupting their structure. 49 formula , is given a it molecular or structural ?. Molecular : indicates number and types of atoms (ex : Carbon acid (H2CO3) Structural : Arrangement of atoms within the molecule (ex : 0=c = 0 (Carbon dioxide 50. Unique property of a lipid? Their ability to repel water and form hydrophobic environments