Biotechnological Applications In Food Industry Lecture PDF

Biotechnological Applications In Food Industry Dr. Eman Owis Lecturer Of Microbial Biotechnology – Mansoura Uni P h. D. G ö t t i n g e n U n i - G e r m a n y [email protected]  Food biote...

Biotechnological Applications In Food Industry Dr. Eman Owis Lecturer Of Microbial Biotechnology – Mansoura Uni P h. D. G ö t t i n g e n U n i - G e r m a n y [email protected]  Food biotechnology Nanotechnology in Microorganisms Fermentation Genetically Modified Enzymes in food Introduction agriculture and food associated with food Biotechnology Food industry industry & Bioethics Bacteria, yeast and Applications of Definition Introduction Genetic Engineering Introduction molds nanotechnology Production of food Ethical aspects of food Branches of Factors influencing Fermenter DNA, RNA, Protein enzymes from and agricultural biotechnology microbial activity microorganisms biotechnology Benefits of Importance of Molecular Biology Different enzymes in Types of bacteria in the food biotechnology industry fermentation techniques food industry Food biotechnology Importance of yeasts safety and regulations in foods Different techniques associated with food biotechnology - What are nanotechnology? - Applications  SO WHAT IS NANO?  NANO is a GREEK word meaning EXTREMELY SMALL.  Nanotechnology deals with sizes from 1-100 nm range  A nanometer is very very small.. it is 10-9 m. So what is nanotechnology?  Definition Nanotechnology (sometimes shortened to "nanotech") is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with developing materials, devices, or other structures possessing at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers.  Nanotechnology Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale (novel properties). Nanotechnologies are the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometre scale. Nanostructure is the Structure with at least one dimension < 100 nm  What is a nanometer? Meter- One thousand millimeters.(103mm) Millimeter- One thousandth of a meter.(10-3m) Micron: a micron is a millionth of a meter (10-6m) (or) one- thousandth of a millimeter Nanometer: one-thousandth of a micron (10–9m) (or) a billionth of a meter. ie., one billion nanometers in a meter. Length Scale Biological Structures Size  File:Limits of Electron Microscope.png Biological Structures Size  Why “Nano” is Interesting  Particles are: - small  High surface-to-volume ratio  React Differently  Act differently (new properties)  Interact with light differently  Are on the scale of small biological structures What make technology at the nano-scale different from technology at the macro-scale? At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter Nanomaterials have a relatively larger surface area when compared to the same mass of material produced in a larger form. Nano particles can make materials more chemically reactive and affect their strength or electrical properties.  Nanostructures or Nanomaterials Based on the size and shape, the Nano materials are classified into: Nano-particles Nano-fibers Nano-tubes Nano-fluidics Nanoparticles are classified into two groups: 1. organic and 2. inorganic ones. Organic nanoparticles consist of carbon nanoparticles Inorganic nanoparticles contain: Magnetic nanoparticles Noble metal nanoparticles (like gold and silver) Semi-conductor nanoparticles (like titanium oxide and zinc oxide)  Branches of nanotechnology Green nanotech – use of Wet nanotechnology to nanotechnology– enhance the involves working up environmental to large masses from sustainability of small ones. processes. Nanoengineering– Nanobiotech – practice of intersection of engineering on the nanotechnology and nanoscale. biology. 17  Synthesis of metal nanoparticles  Bottom-up method assemble atoms to nanostructures  Top-down method cut into pieces in nanoscale Fungi have some distinct advantages when used as bio- factories for NP production Biosynthesis and applications of NPs synthesized by Yeast Mechanism of biosynthesis of SNPs Nucleation Ag-nanocrystals Growth Ag0 Ag-NPs APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY  The term ‘nanofood’ describes food which has been cultivated, produced, processed or packaged using nanotechnology techniques or tools, or to which manufactured nanomaterials have been added. Examples of nano-ingredients and manufactured nanomaterial additives include nanoparticles of iron or zinc, and nanocapsules containing ingredients like co-enzyme Q10 or Omega 3.  Why nanofood? ❖New tastes, flavors , and textures of food ❖Less amount of fat, salt, sugar and preservatives ❖Enhanced uptake and bioavailability of nutrients and supplements ❖Increased nutritional value ❖Maintenance of food quality and freshness, ❖‘Improved’, ‘Active’, ‘Intelligent’, and ‘Smart ’ packaging ❖Better traceability and safety of food Nanotechnology analysts estimate that between 150- Over 800 600 nanofoods and 400-500 products nano food packaging already available applications are already on the market.  Food / Applications Beverage Technologies Ingredients Nanofood packaging Shelf life Processing Foods: Nanoemulsification Nanoencapsulation Food package Food packaging: Smart/ intelligent packaging Antimicrobial/ self-cleaning packaging Monitoring product condition: Nanosensors  NANO EMULSION Nano emulsion –particles for better availability and dispersion of nutrients. Nano-emulsions consist of fine oil-in-water dispersions, having droplets covering the size range of 100–600 nm.  Nano Encapsulation ‘Tip-Top Up’ - Omega 3 Bread - nanocapsules with tuna fish oil - nanocapsules break only in the stomach Nano-encapsulation in the form of Nanomicelles , liposomes or protein-based carrier systems has been used to develop delivery systems for additives and supplements in food and beverage products. NANO ENCAPSULATION  ENHANCED NUTRIENT DELIVERY Nano-encapsulating improves solubility of vitamins, antioxidants, healthy omega oils. EDIBLE NANO COATINGS Most of us are familiar with the waxy coatings often used on apples. Now nanotechnology is enabling the development of nanoscale edible coatings as thin as 5nm wide, which are invisible to the human eye  Edible nano coatings could be used on meats, cheese, fruit and vegetables, confectionery, bakery goods and fast food. They could provide a barrier to moisture and gas exchange, act as a vehicle to deliver colours, flavours, antioxidants, enzymes and anti-browning agents, and could also increase the shelf life of manufactured foods, even after the packaging is opened.  Nano-nonstick coatings Nano-nonstick coatings to make it easier to get the last drops of ketchup out of the bottle. PACKAGING Developing smart packaging to optimize product and increase shelf life Such packaging systems would be Able to repair small holes/tears, Respond to environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and moisture changes), and Alert the customer if the food is contaminated. Nanofibers and Nanotubes Antimicrobial packaging  beneficial to the food industry  they can extend product shelf life  maintain food safety by reducing the growth rate of microorganisms.  The packaging system can both inhibit microbial growth on non- sterilized foods and maintain the sterility of pasteurized foods, thus preventing post-contamination. Plastic films Plastic films -allow the food to stay fresher longer. These films are packed with silicate nanoparticles to reduce the flow of oxygen into the package and the leaking of moisture out of the package, Food storage bins  Food storage bins with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food previously stored in the bins, minimizing harmful bacteria.