Lecture 7: Radiation Surveys, Agencies, and Regulations PDF

Radiobiology & Protection RMI 212 Lecture 7 Radiation Surveys , Agencies and Regulations Slide 1 fchs.ac.ae Objectives: By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: To describe Surveys, Agencies and Regulations:...

Radiobiology & Protection RMI 212 Lecture 7 Radiation Surveys , Agencies and Regulations Slide 1 fchs.ac.ae Objectives: By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: To describe Surveys, Agencies and Regulations: fchs.ac.ae Contents General survey procedure Equipment survey Area survey Regulatory/Advisory agencies Radiation safety officer fchs.ac.ae  Radiation Regulations The regulations establish standards for protection against ionizing radiation resulting from activities conducted under licenses issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. fchs.ac.ae The purpose of the regulations Control the use, transfer, and disposal of licensed material by any licensee in such a manner that the total dose to an individual does not exceed the standards for protection against radiation fchs.ac.ae Regulatory Agencies Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR) fchs.ac.ae Slide 7 fchs.ac.ae  Introductory Facts: The UAE Government’s Policy on the Evaluation and Potential Development of Peaceful Nuclear Energy adopted in 2008, establishes following basic principles; Highest Partnership standards of Working Ensure long- with other nuclear non- Transparency proliferation, with the nations and term IAEA expert sustainability safety and organizations security Federal Law Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (UAE Nuclear Law) was issued in 2009 (based on the above Policy document). FANR fulfills key objectives in licensing and inspection in accordance with best international practices. FANR also oversees the implementation of the UAE’s obligations under the international fchs.ac.ae Slide 9 fchs.ac.ae Slide 10 fchs.ac.ae Slide 11 fchs.ac.ae Slide 12 fchs.ac.ae Slide 13 fchs.ac.ae  Regulatory Agencies The use of radiation and radio labeled products for any purpose is governed by regulatory agencies. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ) Regulates all reactor produced by-product materials, their use, disposal. Regulates safety of all occupational workers as well as the general public. NRC dose not regulate naturally occurring or accelerator produced nuclides. fchs.ac.ae Regulatory Agencies Agreement States ( authorized by the NRC ) Agreement States regulate the sources of radiation that the NRC does not. This generally includes all naturally occurring radioactive materials (such as radium and radon) within their borders. Regulates all reactor produced by-product materials. Issues licenses and authorizes the use of radioactive materials. fchs.ac.ae  Regulatory Agencies General license : For in-vitro use only 'in glass’. Maximum activity possessed is 200 uCi. Specific license of limited scope : For specific use in humans. Issued to physicians in private practice. Name of authorized user is indicated on the license. fchs.ac.ae  Regulatory Agencies Specific license of broad scope : Issued to medical institutions for medical use. No individual user's name is included in the license. Supervised by Radiation Safety Committee. fchs.ac.ae Regulatory Agencies Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Regulates all drugs in humans for therapeutic and diagnostic use. Regulates all Investigational and New Drug Applications. fchs.ac.ae  Department of Transportation (DOT ) Sets guidelines for packaging, limits of radioactivity in packages, and the transportation of radioactive materials fchs.ac.ae  Radiation Safety Committee and Radiation Safety Officer Radiation Safety Committee (RSC) They established the facility to assist in the development of radiation safety program. The radiation safety program ensure adequate safety of patient and radiation workers. fchs.ac.ae Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) Normally a medical physicist, radiologist, or other individual qualified training and experience. The RSO is responsible for developing a radiation safety program for the facility to ensure that all persons are protected from radiation. fchs.ac.ae  Radiation Exposure Limits The National Council on Radiation Protection recommends that radiation doses are not to exceed the maximum limits. ALARA program is to maintain exposures to radiation as low as possible below the dose limits recommended fchs.ac.ae Radiation Surveys and Monitoring The licensee shall make surveys that may be necessary to comply with the regulations. 1) Survey all areas where radiopharmaceuticals are prepared at the end of each day. 2) Weekly survey of areas where radiopharmaceuticals or radioactive wastes are stored. 3) Weekly wipe testing of areas where radiopharmaceuticals are prepared or stored. fchs.ac.ae 4)Establish radiation dose rate trigger levels for each area surveyed 5) Areas should be surveyed with G. M survey meter. 6)Records should be saved for 3 years. fchs.ac.ae Calibration of survey instruments: Should be done 1. Before first use 2. Annually 3. After repair 4. Keep records for 3 years fchs.ac.ae Check of survey instruments: Check each instrument Daily with the dedicated check source Battery check daily Licensee is not required to keep records fchs.ac.ae  Dose Calibrators: The licensee shall ensure that instruments and equipment used for quantitative radiation measurements are calibrated and checked periodically for the radiation measured (Dose Calibrators). Constancy Test - at the beginning of each day of use. Accuracy Test - Annually & Upon Installation. fchs.ac.ae  Dose Calibrators linearity Test - Quarterly & Upon Installation. Geometry Test - Upon Installation. Keep records for 3 years including model, serial #, date, identity of sealed check source, activity measured, and initials of the person who performed the test fchs.ac.ae Classification of radiation areas 1. Unrestricted Areas Radiation dose should not exceed 2 mR / hr. Control of access is not required. 2. Restricted Areas Radiation level exceeds that of unrestricted areas. Control of access is required. fchs.ac.ae Classification of radiation areas 3. Controlled Areas Areas outside restricted area. Access can be limited fchs.ac.ae  Posting Requirements Radiation Areas Caution Signs: standard radiation symbol has three bladed design and shall use the colors magenta or purple on yellow background These words and the radiation symbol are used in areas as follows: fchs.ac.ae  Radiation Areas 1. Caution: High Radiation signs if Radiation dose is 5 mR/hr at 30 cm from source Radiation Area: > 5 mrem/hr but not more than 100 mrem/hr 30 cm from source fchs.ac.ae Radiation Areas 2. Caution: High Radiation Area signs if Radiation dose is 100 mR/hr at 30 cm from source NOTE: May use Caution or Danger on sign fchs.ac.ae  Radiation Areas 3. Caution: Very High Radiation area signs if Radiation dose is 500 rads/hr at 1 meter from source fchs.ac.ae