Computers: Tools for an Information Age Chapter 4 System Software PDF

Computers: Tools for an Information Age Chapter 4 System Software  Objectives System Software Operating system (OS) Popular Operating Systems System Utilities 2  System Software ◼ System software includes all of the programs ne...

Computers: Tools for an Information Age Chapter 4 System Software  Objectives System Software Operating system (OS) Popular Operating Systems System Utilities 2  System Software ◼ System software includes all of the programs needed to keep the computer and its peripheral devices running smoothly. ◼ Two major categories of system software: ❖ Operating system (OS) ❖ System utilities 3 4 5 6 7  The Operating System (OS) ◼ The operating system is a set of programs that perform certain basic functions. ◼ The functions of the operating system are: ❖ Starting the computer ❖ Managing programs ❖ Distributing memory ❖ Coordinating the processor and peripheral devices ❖ Enabling user interaction with the computer NEXT 8 SLIDE 9  Starting the Computer ◼ The cold booting process begins when the power is turned on. ◼ There are several steps to a cold boot: 1. ROM loads BIOS (basic input/output system) into the computer’s memory. 2. BIOS conducts a Power-on self-test (POST) to check the input/output system for operability. 3. BIOS searches for the OS. Settings in the CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) determine where to look for the OS. 4. The kernel ( the essential OS components) is loaded into memory from storage. 5. OS takes control of the computer. NEXT 10 SLIDE 11 12  Configuring the System 1. The system is configured from the OS’s registry. 2. Drivers and utility programs are loaded into memory. 3. System utilities (volume control, antivirus software, etc.) are loaded into memory. 4. Authentication or user login occurs. 5. User interface begins, enabling user interaction with computer programs. NEXT 13 SLIDE  Batch operating system: is a type of operating system that allows multiple users to use it at the same time, without direct communication between them Time-sharing operating system (TSOS): is an operating system that allows multiple users to share a single computer concurrently Distributed operating system: is one in which multiple computer systems are connected through a single communication channel RTOSes are designed to handle multiple processes at one time, ensuring that these processes respond to events within a predictable time limit 14  Managing Programs ◼ Single-tasking systems run one application program at a time. ◼ Multitasking operating systems have the ability to run more than one application program at a time. ◼ Multitasking is accomplished by: ❖ Foreground application– Active program or program in use ❖ Background application– Inactive program or program not in use NEXT 15 SLIDE Example of Multitasking Background Application Foreground Application NEXT 16 SLIDE Managing Virtual Memory NEXT 17 SLIDE Graphical User Interface (GUI) NEXT 18 SLIDE  Popular Operating Systems MS-DOS UNIX LINUX MAC OS WINDOWS XP WINDOWS 11 19  UNIX ◼ Developed by AT&T in 1970s ◼ First preemptive multitasking system ◼ Developed concepts of file management and path names ◼ Client/server networking system ◼ Widely used by corporations NEXT 20 SLIDE  MAC OS ◼ First to use graphical user interface in 1984 ◼ Easiest operating system for beginners NEXT 21 SLIDE  Windows 3.X ◼ Includes Windows 3.0, 3.1, 3.11, and Windows for Workgroups 3.1 ◼ Not a true operating system ◼ Uses cooperative multitasking NEXT 22 SLIDE  Windows 95 and 98 ◼ Windows 95 ◼ Windows 98 ❖ True operating system ❖ Improved version of ❖ Uses preemptive Windows 95 multitasking ❖ More stable than ❖ Downward compatible Windows 95 with DOS ❖ Considered a transitional system NEXT 23 SLIDE  Windows CE (Embedded compact) ◼ discontinued operating system developed by Microsoft in 1996 ◼ Operating System used for mobile and embedded devices ◼ Runs simplified versions of Windows programs ◼ Data can be transferred to PCs ◼ Includes handwriting and speech recognition NEXT 24 SLIDE  Windows NT ◼ Designed for client/server systems ◼ Two components: ❖ Windows NT Workstation ❖ Windows NT Server ◼ Oriented to business needs ◼ Offers security, remote administration, directory services, and server NEXT 25 SLIDE  Windows 2000 ◼ Two versions: ❖ Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional ❖ Microsoft Windows 2000 Server ◼ Better stability and more features than Windows NT NEXT 26 SLIDE  Windows XP ◼ Replaces all previous versions of Windows ◼ Three versions: ❖ Windows XP Home Edition ❖ Windows XP Professional ❖ Windows XP Server NEXT 27 SLIDE  Linux ◼ Developed in 1991 by UNIX ◼ Competes with Windows and MAC ◼ Powerful and free ◼ Growing fast in acceptance ◼ Uses Apache web server NEXT 28 SLIDE Windows7-8-10-11- 12 29  System Utilities ◼ System utilities are programs that help the operating system manage the computer system’s resources. ◼ Types of utilities: ❖ File management ❖ File finders ❖ Backup utilities ❖ Antivirus software ❖ File compression ❖ Disk scanning ❖ File defragmentation NEXT 30 SLIDE  Antivirus Software ◼ Antivirus software protects the computer from computer viruses. ◼ The best antivirus programes for 2024: McAfee BitDefender Total Security. Norton 360 Deluxe. AVG Free. Microsoft Defender NEXT 31 SLIDE  File Compression Utility ◼ A file compression utility reduces the size of a file. NEXT 32 SLIDE  Disk Scanning Utility ◼ A disk scanning utility is a program that detects and fixes physical and logical problems on storage devices. NEXT 33 SLIDE  File Defragmentation Utility ◼ A file defragmentation utility is a program that moves data on a storage device to improve performance. NEXT 34 SLIDE  Chapter 4 Summary 1. An operating system manages programs, memory, and input/output devices, and it also provides a means of communicating with the user. 2. Multitasking enables you to work with more than one program at a time. 3. The basic types of interfaces are command-line and graphical user interface. 4. MAC OS introduced the GUI to personal computing. 35  Chapter 4 Summary cont. 5. There are many versions of Microsoft Windows. A. Windows 3X B. Windows 95 C. Windows 98 D. Windows NT E. Windows 2000 F. Windows CE G. Windows XP 6. System utilities include: A. Backup programs B. File managers C. File finders D. Disk scanning programs E. Antivirus software F. File compression utilities G. Defragmentation programs NEXT 36 SLIDE