Lecture 5 ISD Methodologies (5).pptx

LECTURE 5 Information Systems Development Methodologies LECTURE OBJECTIVES CONTINUED.  Role and involvement of end users  Trying to predict and measure intangible benefits and costs on the enterprise wide system STEPS TO IMPROVE THE EXPLOITATION OF ENTERPRISE WIDE BASED SYSTEMS  See t...

LECTURE 5 Information Systems Development Methodologies LECTURE OBJECTIVES CONTINUED.  Role and involvement of end users  Trying to predict and measure intangible benefits and costs on the enterprise wide system STEPS TO IMPROVE THE EXPLOITATION OF ENTERPRISE WIDE BASED SYSTEMS  See the implementation of such systems as continuous process  Ensure that the new system can allow users what they could do in the old legacy system with extra and value adding features  Encourage effective dialogue and engagement with users  Allow them to play with the enterprise wide system  See resistance as source of ideas, innovation and creativity  Understand the essence is information not information technology  Try and not control and plan all aspects, it will take a life of its own Relationship to Development Lifecycle Problem Identification Review & Maintenance Feasibility Study Implementation Systems Investigation Systems Design Systems Analysis ISD METHODOLOGIES Key aspects of a methodology: Should promote activity which is : Purposeful Controlled Rigorous and produce results that are : Meaningful Relevant Reproducible However, one must always remember that a methodology is only a means to an end and not an end in itself. WHY DO WE HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES?  Degrees of the problem domain, hard and soft.  Peoples particular mind sets  Easier to use hard  Soft provide greater insight TYPES:  General Systems Theory  An interdisciplinary conceptual framework focusing on the wholeness, pattern, relationship, hierarchical order, integration, and organization of phenomena  The basic idea behind Systems Theory is, “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” An easy example of this is baking a cake. If you were to lay out all of the ingredients of a cake, you would not have a cake.... But, combine those ingredients in a particular way, you produce a cake. PARTICIPATIVE METHODOLOGIES  Participative Approach (ETHICS, SSM)  EffectiveTechnical and Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems - ETHICS  The methodology identifies goals from different viewpoints. Here social and technical systems co-optimization is encouraged a lot.  The main purpose of the methodology aims at mutual beneficial relationship between the employee and the organization, job efficiency and job satisfaction.  It considers participation as three categories.  They are consultative democracy  Securing agreement on strategic objectives from the senior management.  Representative democracy aims at forming representative formed from each staff group using the design phase.  Consensus democracy aims to give continuous feedback to members. The methodology expects some conflicts between the social and technical systems PARTICIPATIVE METHODOLOGIES  Soft Systems Methodology – SSM  The methodology demands high degree of political and interpersonal skills from the user. The user should have the ability for abstract and conceptual thinking. The methodology focuses in the type of problem which requires good analysis of the problem.  The methodology not popular in real world issues, widely used for unstructured problem situations.  The methodology is abstract, conceptual and philosophically oriented PARTICIPATIVE METHODOLOGIES  Data Analysis Approach (SSADM, IE, JSD)  Structured systems analysis and design method  as a well designed structure with an evolutionary set of activities. This makes easy understanding of the method but SSADM has a reputation for producing paper solutions.  JSD – Jackson Systems Development  Capturing design-related decisions has a significant impact on problems related to reusability, traceability, maintainability Methodologies  Structured Approaches (SDLC) Planning Analysis Design Implementation