Lecture 4 Motivation.pptx

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 4 Motivation Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Identify the basic concepts used in motivat...

Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Health Promotion and Education Department Health Behavior Change Course Lecture 4 Motivation Presented by: Dr. Sallah Alawneh By the end of this lecture the students will be able to: Identify the basic concepts used in motivation in health behavior change Contents of the Lecture Introduction Basic Concepts Definition of the Motivation Types of Motivation Components of Motivation Approaches of the Motivation Influence on Motivation and Behavior • External : Physical Social Internal: Personali ty Cognitive Motivation Behavior Environm ent: Opportun ity Introduction • Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior. • It represents the reasons for people's actions, desires, and needs. • Motivation can be influenced by internal or external factors. • Internal factors include innate drives, basic personality traits, memory of the past experience. • External factors can be physical or social. Internal and External Factors in Motivation • The differences between internal and external factors are described as push versus pull forces. • Internal factors push the person towards certain behavior. • External factors pull the person toward certain behavior. Basic Concepts • Motivation is the consequence of an interaction between the individual and the situation. People who are “motivated” exert a greater effort to perform than those who are ‘not motivated’. • Motivation is the willingness to do something. It is conditioned by this action’s ability to satisfy some need for the individual. Definitions of Motivation Definitions: •• ItIt is is internal internal state state or or condition condition that that activates activates behavior behavior and and gives gives itit direction. direction. •• ItIt is is aa desire desire or or want want that that energizes energizes and and directs directs goal-oriented goal-oriented behavior. behavior. Definitions of Motivation Definitions: •• ItIt is is the the Influence Influence of of needs needs and and desires desires on on the the intensity intensity and and direction direction of of behavior. behavior. •• ItIt is is the the process process that that initiates, initiates, guides, guides, and and maintains maintains goal-oriented goal-oriented behaviors. behaviors. Components of Motivation Activation Persistenc e Intensity Components of Motivation • Activation involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as enrolling in an exercise club (time of fitness). • Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles may exist, such as taking more exercises in the club in order to get weight reduction. • It requires a significant investment of time, energy, and resources. Components of Motivation • Finally, intensity can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing a goal. Components of Motivation • We need to achieving the goals: • The desire, • Activation, • Persistence: the ability to persist through obstacles and to keep going in spite of difficulties. • Intensity of motivation to overcome the difficulties. Types of Motivation Incentive Fear Achievement Growth Power Social Types of Motivation • Incentive: It involves rewards, both monetary and nonmonetary. Achieving a certain target or goal Reward. Examples: Bonuses and promotions. Types of Motivation Cont. • Fear • It is often used when incentive motivation fails. • It is referred to as the, “carrot and stick,” incentive is the carrot and fear is the stick. • Punishment or negative consequences are a form of fear motivation. • If we break the rules or fail to achieve the set goal, we are penalized in some way. Types of Motivation Cont. • Achievement • It is also commonly referred to as the drive for competency. • Generally, this feeling of accomplishment and achievement is intrinsic in nature. • Growth • The need for self-improvement is truly an internal motivation. • We seek to learn and grow as individuals to satisfy ourselves. Types of Motivation Cont. • Achievement • It is also commonly referred to as the drive for competency. • Generally, this feeling of accomplishment and achievement is intrinsic in nature. • Growth • The need for self-improvement is truly an internal motivation. • We seek to learn and grow as individuals to satisfy ourselves. Types of Motivation Cont. • Power It is the desire for autonomy or to control others around us. We want to have choices and control over our own lives. We also often aspire to control others around us. The desire for control is stronger in some people than others. Types of Motivation Cont. • Social Many people are motivated by social factors. This may be a desire to belong and to be accepted by a specific peer group or a desire to relate to the people in our sphere or in the larger world. We have an innate need to feel a connection with others. We also have the need for acceptance and affiliation. Approaches to Motivation Three main approaches to motivation Need-based approach Process-based approach Learning/reinforcement-based approach. Questions? Comments?