Lecture 4 Body Fluid Compartments PDF

Suggested Reading: Vander 15 edition Chapter 4  Learning outcomes the fluid compartments of the body, the composition of the different fluids and their properties including osmolarity and pH and their clinical significance Copyright © 2011...

Suggested Reading: Vander 15 edition Chapter 4  Learning outcomes the fluid compartments of the body, the composition of the different fluids and their properties including osmolarity and pH and their clinical significance Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.  Lecture Outline Fluid intake and output are balanced during steady-state conditions Body fluid compartments Constituents of extracellular and intracellular fluids Measurement of fluid volumes – principles and specific fluid compartments Regulation of fluid exchange and osmotic equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular fluid Hyponatremia and hypernatremia Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Body fluid regulation. Figure 25-1 Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.  Balance Concept Fluid and electrolyte balances are necessary, in the long-term, to maintain life. Fluid Loss = Fluid Intake Electrolyte Loss = Electrolyte Intake Fluid Intake: regulated by thirst mechanism, habits Electrolyte intake: governed by dietary habits Fluid Output: regulated mainly by kidneys Electrolyte output: regulated mainly by kidneys Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.  Fluid Balance (ml/day) – 70 kg adult Normal High Salt Diet Intake (ml/day) Fluids ingested 2100 4100 From metabolism 200 200 2300 4300 Output (ml/day) Insensible - skin 350 350 Insensible – lungs 350 350 Sweat 100 100 Feces 100 100 Urine 1400 3400 2300 4300 Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Effect of increasing sodium intake 10-fold on urinary Sodium excretion and extracellular fluid volume. Figure 26-1 Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.  Fluid Balance (ml/day) – 70 kg adult Normal Heavy Exercise Intake (ml/day) Fluids ingested 2100 6400 From metabolism 200 200 2300 6600 Output (ml/day) Insensible - skin 350 350 Insensible - lungs 350 650 Sweat 100 5000 Feces 100 100 Urine 1400 500 2300 6600 Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.  70 kg adult male Body fluid distribution Figure 25-1 Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Body Fluid Compartments Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Intracellular Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Plasma Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Transcellular Copyright © 2011 by Saunder s, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Total Body Water in Relation to Body Weight: Effects of Gender, Body Build and Age Body Build TBW (%) TBW (%) TBW (%) Adult Male Adult Female Infant Normal 60 50 70 Lean 70 60 80 Obese < 50