Lecture 4 and 5.pptx

UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FACULTY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND POLICY STUDIES DES 204: LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATOR: MR. MOHAMMED SIIBAWAY Email: [email protected] LECTURE SCHED...

UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FACULTY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND POLICY STUDIES DES 204: LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATOR: MR. MOHAMMED SIIBAWAY Email: [email protected] LECTURE SCHEDULE 4, 5 and 6  Principle of leadership 1. A leader must have a vision “the empire of the future are the empire of the mind” (Winston Churchill, 1943). Vision is a comprehensive sense of where you are, where you are going, how you are going to get there and what you will do after you get there. Vision is about seeing the big picture and personally painting a part of it. Leadership presents a special and unique ability to influence people to move towards goals that are beneficial and meet group’s best interest.  Principle of leadership cont.. Leadership is about knowing  What to do next; Why that is important How to bring appropriate resources to bear on the need at hand. This is possible when leaders have vision. Vision must be clear and concise. Vision creates enthusiasm.  Principle of leadership cont.. 2. Leading by example Successful leaders shows employees how to behave and perform a task. A good leader models excellent behavior and motivates others follow. Leaders makes followers to understand their vision and show how everyone can work together to achieve the goal in their roles. When you lead by example, followers want to adjust their behavior accordingly.  Principle of leadership cont.. 3. Focus on Change Transformation is an essential element of every leadership. People what goals and objectives is set for the team and the role they can assume in achieving the goals. Leaders must prioritize positive change to fulfill goals. Leaders must be innovative and encourage others to be innovative towards the achievement of the organizational goals.  Principle of leadership cont.. 4. Leaders must admit mistakes and work towards correcting the mistakes. Leaders admitting mistakes makes them more relatable to followers. Mistakes shows to you where you went wrong and how you can improve in the future. A wise leader learns from experience and uses it to teach themselves and others what they need to focus on in order to grow as individuals and as groups. When leaders takes accountability for their mistakes, their followers respects them more  Principle of leadership cont.. 5. A leader must understand the value of listening. Leaders are expected to communicate information to their followers. However, as eaqually componentof successful leadership is taken time to listen to what followers have to say. When you listen, you may discover new, valuable ideas that may help you to lead effectively. “leaders are great listeners”. Leaders must have good intellectual and emotional understanding.  Principle of leadership cont.. 6. A leader must understand and develop their skills Followers defines leaders by their behaviors and action. To be a great leader, one must recognize the skills that they need and work to develop those skills. Identify your strengths and weakness and the leadership styles that suits you. You must constantly work to improve your skills because they determine how successful your leadership style might be.  Principle of leadership cont.. 7. A leader must promote and harness diversity As a leader must accept the diversity in the group and harness the strength the diversity offers. When everyone in the team has the same background and experience, there is limited amount of expertise. However, when there is diversity of background and expertise, it provides different set of skills and perspectives which is vital for innovation.  Principle of leadership cont.. 8. Be technically proficient. As a leader, you must know your job and have a solid familiarity with your employees’ jobs. 9. Make sound and timely decisions. Use good problem- solving, decision-making and planning tools. 10. Keep your people informed. Know how to communicate with employees, senior management and other key people within the organization. 11. Train your people as a team. Although many so-called leaders call their organization, department, section, etc. a “team,” they are really just a group of people doing their jobs. Good leaders build solid teams.  Leadership Styles What leadership style works best for me and my followers/subordinates?  Leadership Styles Democratic Leadership style Autocratic leadership style Laisser-Faire leadership style Bureaucratic leadership style  Democratic Leadership Styles This is a kind of participatory leadership whereby everybody in the system is actively involved in the administrative process. The leader considers the needs, interest, rights and freedom of the workers or subordinates. All members of the group or their representatives are always involved in the formulation of policies. The leader influences the subordinates but does not dominate their thinking and offer suggestions rather than always given orders that must be obeyed.  Democratic Leadership Styles The leader tries as much as possible to make each individual feel that he or she is an important member of the group who has some skills or talents to offer towards the success of the group. With democratic leadership style followers’ involvement in decision-making and freedom are guaranteed.  Advantage Democratic Leadership Style It promotes higher degree of morale in followers which in turn promotes greater group productivity. The skills and experience of followers are tapped which promotes innovation. It also promotes discipline in the organization which encourages both leaders and followers to discharge their duties and responsibilities with commitment. Decisions are taken faster It promotes discipline among members.  Disadvantage of Democratic Leadership Styles Involving followers delays decision-making process. It is also believed that giving followers freedom promotes complacencies and laziness. It lowers role awareness within the group. Under-qualified members may take leadership role. It can lead to conflict within the group.  Autocratic Leadership Styles With this type of leadership everything is centered around the leader. He or she alone takes decisions, determines policies and assigns tasks to members without consulting them. Usually, subordinates are required to carry out directives without questions. The leader is often interested in achievement of the goals of the institutions and cares less about the welfare of the workers or staff. The interest of the members of the group do not normally count as long as the interest of the leader are well catered for.  Advantages Autocratic Leadership Styles The leader is able to succeed in making the subordinate work without the use of rewards to motivate them. Followers work quickly for high productivity. Thus, in the school situation students may pass well.  Decisions are taken more quickly for implementation. It does not promote laziness.  Disadvantages Autocratic Leadership Styles The authoritarian leader is feared but not respected hence there is usually breakdown of discipline. Another disadvantage is that the needs of the workers are ignored leading to frustration and low morale hence low productivity. Last, conflicts between Leaders and followers arise constantly.  Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles Laissez-faire is a French expression which literally means ‘let people do what they wish’ The manager provides little or no direction and gives staff as much freedom as possible. All authority or power is given to the staff and they determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. The laissez-faire leader tries to satisfy everybody in the system and in the end fails to satisfy anyone. Thus, this approach to leadership implies that things should be left to sort themselves out and that everybody may do what he or she wants.  Advantage of Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles People have the freedom to do what they want which may promote innovation and creativity.  Also, decisions are easily accepted by the team or group. Criticism The leader is not able to exert his or her authority and therefore, becomes mere figurehead.   Bureaucratic Leadership Styles Bureaucratic leaders work by the book, ensuring that their staff follow procedures accurately. This is a very right approach for work involving serious safety risks (such as working with machinery or with toxic substances) or where large sums of money are involved (such as cash process). Advantages Staff performing routine tasks over and over. Staff need to understand certain standards or procedures.  Bureaucratic Leadership Styles Advantages of Bureaucratic Leadership style Staff performing routine tasks over and over. Staff need to understand certain standards or procedures. critics of Bureaucratic Leadership style work habits form that are hard to break, especially if they are no longer useful. Staff loses interest in their work and co-workers. Staff do what is expected of them and nothing more  Autocratic Leadership Styles The interest of the members of the group do not normally count as long as the interest of the leader are well catered for.  leader cont.. Leadership translates vision into reality. To influence followers to jump willingly into change, leaders need a specific set of attributes/competencies to guide their actions towards a common goal.  leader cont.. a. Character: Enthusiasm, integrity, self-renewal, dedication, trust, honesty, Charisma b. Analysis: Fortitude, listen, perceiving judgment, c. Accomplishment: Performance, boldness, team building, Risk d. Interaction: Collaborating, inspiring, serving others, passion, curiosity ealize its mission.  Leadership Competences Visioning: Leaders have the ability to increase productiveness in the areas that most need improvement. They create and set goals and can clearly state visions that subordinates and peers are motivated to accomplish. Team Building: Leaders develop high-performance teams that come together to collaborate on a common mission or goal, rather than just letting objectives go unassigned.  Leadership Competences Win-Win Conflict Resolution: Leaders effectively handle disagreements and conflicts. They settle disputes by focusing on solving the problems without offending egos. They provide support and expertise to other leaders and evaluate the feasibility of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. A good leader is hard on issues and soft on people. Accurate Quick Situation Assessment: Leaders take charge when the situation demands it and makes the right things happen on time.  Leadership Competences Training/Coaching: Leaders know that even mistakes can be learning opportunities. They provide performance feedback, coaching and career development assistance to people in a way that maximizes individual and organizational success. Commitment to Employee Involvement: Leaders assume ownership by bringing employees in on the decision-making and planning processes. They empower employees by giving them the authority to get things accomplished in the most efficient and timely manner.  Group Assignment 1 Critically examine five Factors affecting women representation in leadership positions at the community and national level. Suggest practical ways to improve women representation in leadership position in Ghana  Group Assignment 2 Discuss five challenges associated with leadership in a multi-cultural setting and suggest five approaches to ensure effective leadership in a multi-cultural setting.  Group Assignment 3 Discuss five (5) challenges limiting youth’s representation in local and national leadership role and suggest five (5) recommendations to improve the youth’s representation in leadership in Ghana.  Group Assignment 4  With relevant examples, critically examine five factors influencing corruption among leaders in Africa and suggest five mechanisms to prevent corruption among leaders in Africa  Group Assignment 5 With examples, critically examine the relationship between effective leadership and Development. Thank You