Visual Art Lecture 3 PDF

Visual Art Lecture 3 Learning Outcomes After this module, Students must able to: Identify the different forms of visual art. Determine the concept of and visual art. Perform any form of art. Visual Art Visual arts are works of art that can only be fully or partially understood visually....

Visual Art Lecture 3 Learning Outcomes After this module, Students must able to: Identify the different forms of visual art. Determine the concept of and visual art. Perform any form of art. Visual Art Visual arts are works of art that can only be fully or partially understood visually. That covers a variety of media, such as painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, graphic design, fashion design, and more. The categories or varieties of visual arts include: Figurative or representational art: Based on actual people, places, or things, such as realism. Abstract art: Like impressionism, tries to depict genuine topics in a way that differs from reality. Non-objective or non-representational art: It is sometimes confused with abstract art since it does not show anything from reality.  Elements of Visual Arts 1. LINE- A continuous mark between the two places is the line. 2. SHAPE- Lines are used to enclose spaces to form shapes. 3. FORM- An element with three dimensions is a form. Height, length, and depth will be present 4. COLOR- The components of color include colors that may be combined with black to create a shade, white to create a tint, or grey to create a color.  Elements of Visual Arts 5. VALUE (OR LIGHT)- Value is used to describe a hue or an area's relative brightness or darkness. 6. SPACE AND PERSPECTIVE- Everything pertaining to area in a piece of visual art is referred to as space. 7. PROPORTION- the relationship between items' sizes 8. TEXTURE- In many types of visual art, the artist uses some sort of marking to produce an image. This gives the work a visual texture. 9. COMPOSITION- Given that it directs the usage of all the other components, this level of the elements is possibly the highest. Artists can draw attention to specific elements of their work by positioning what is portrayed in a particular way.  2d 3d 2D Arts - Images that are flat (or almost Arts and Crafts - The fine art movement flat) are created via two-dimensional art. promoting the acknowledgment of practical things made with exceptional creativity is Dry and Liquid Media - There are two different known as the "arts and crafts" movement. Even types of material (media) that may be used to while there is still work to be done, many create a 2D image: craft artists today are finally getting the Dry: Any instrument that leaves dry material respect they deserve. left on the surface when drawing a line might be rubbed and smeared (e.g., charcoal, Among the most popular crafts are: graphite pencils, pastels). Wet: Any instrument that draws a line using o Ceramics liquid pigment is considered wet (e.g., acrylic o Wood painting, oil painting, watercolor). o Metal o Fiber o Glass  2d 3d Painting Media - The most well-known of the 2D Sculpture - Any three-dimensional art that is arts is painting, which is probably what comes to present in the physical world is referred to as mind when you hear the word "art." sculpture. It may be built from a variety of materials, including marble, limestone, bronze, ice, Oil Painting - It produces a very slow drying paint sand, and more. that may be diluted with solvents like turpentine and glossed over to add shine by suspending the Freestanding Sculpture - Is art that stands alone pigments in an oil, often linseed oil. without being attached to a wall, another object, or any other surface. Acrylic Painting - The pigments are suspended in an acrylic polymer emulsion, which includes Relief Sculpture- The themes of a relief several additives to make it easier to use. The sculpture are raised out of a flat surface once it final paint has vibrant colors and dries rapidly. has been carved in relief. Performing Arts Performing Arts Performance art is a type of artistic expression in which a person or people carry out an action or actions for an audience in a certain venue or location and at a specific time. Example: DANCE is a bodily expression “high rhythmic movement” of an intensified feeling of life; an expressive body movement usually coordinated into a pattern and adapted to musical accompaniment. It is the oldest form of the arts which mirrored msn’s age-old need to communicate his joy or grief by using the most immediate instrument at his disposal, his body. Choreography – or “dance composition” fills the stage with a progressive series of pictures, using both the solo and dancers. A dancer must become familiar with the interaction of the various components of each of these elements of movements. Such as: 1. SPACE- It is the area that surrounds the dancer; It is the place where one can have such movements that create patterns and designs. 2.TIME- dance utilizes time in ways that determine the rhythm, tempo, and duration of movements. 3. DURATION – Refers to the length of time expanded by a movement. It can be measured and regulated by drum beat or musical accompaniment. Theater Arts A building specifically designed for the purpose of presenting dramatic performances before an audience. However, there are open air theaters that do not necessarily make use of definite buildings. ELEMENTS  Avenues of Theater Avenue of the ear (auditory) – sounds, words. Avenue of the eye (visual) – actions, facial expression  Elements of Drama Drama has one characteristic peculiar to itself – it is written primarily to be performed not to be read. It is a presentation or action a. through actors (the impact is direct and immediate), b. on a stage (a captive audience)/ and c. before an audience (suggesting a communal experience).  PLOT the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed. A. Conflict is a clash of actions, desires or wills. B. Protagonist and antagonist- protagonist is the central character, who can be sympathetic or unsympathetic. The forces working against her/him whether, persons, things, conventions of society, or traits of their own character, are the antagonist. C. Artistic Unity- Essentials to a good plot; nothing irrelevant; good arrangement. D. Plot Manipulated – A good plot should not have any unjustified or unexpected turns or twist; no false leads; no deliberate and misleading information. CHARACTER  CHARACTER A. Direct Presentation- author tell us straight out, by exposition or analysis, or through another person. B. Indirect Presentation- author shows us character in action; the reader infers what a character is like from what she/he thinks, or says, or does. These are also called dramatics and they generally consistent (in behavior), motivated (convincing), and plausible (lifelike). C. Character Types- A flat character is known by one or two traits a round character is complex and many sided; a stock character is a stereotyped character; a Static character remains the same from the beginning of the plot to the end; and a dynamic (developing) character undergoes permanent change. This change must be a.) within the possibilities of the b.) sufficiently motivated; and c.) allowed sufficient time for change.  THEME The controlling idea or central insight which can be; 1. A revelation of human character; 2. May be started briefly of in great length; and 3. A theme is not the “moral” of the story. POV  POV A. Omniscient – A story told by the author, using the third person; her/his knowledge, control, and prerogatives are unlimited; authorial subjectivity. B. Limited Omniscient- a story which the author associates with a major or minor character, this character serves as the author’s spokesperson or mouthpiece. C. First person- the author identifies with or disappears in a major or minor character; the story is told using the first person “I” D. Objective or Dramatic- the opposite of the omniscient; displays authorial objectivity; compared a roving sound camera. Cery little of the past or future is given; the story is set in the present.  IRONY a term with a range of meaning, all of them involving some sort of discrepancy or incongruity. It should not be confused with sarcasm which is simply a language designed to cause pain. a. Verbal Irony- the opposite is said from what is intended. b. Dramatic Irony- the contrast between what the character says and what the reader knows to be true. c. Irony of Situation- discrepancy between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfillment, or between what is and what would seem appropriate.  SYMBOLS a literary symbols mean more than what it is. It has layers of meanings. Whereas an image has one meaning a symbol has many A. Names used as symbols B. Use of objects as symbols C. Use of actions as symbols D. A symbols has it cluster meaning  Theater in the Philippines is as varied as the cultural traditions and the historical influences that shaped it through the centuries. The dramatic forms that flourished and continue to flourish among the different peoples of the archipelago include: the indigenous theater, mainly Malay in character, which is seen in rituals, mimetic dances, and mimetic customs; the plays with Spanish influence, among which are the komedya, the sinakulo, the playlets, the sarswela, and the drama; and the theater with Anglo- American influence, which encompasses bodabil and the plays in English, and the modern or original plays by Filipinos, which employ representational and presentational styles drawn from contemporary modern theater, or revitalize traditional forms from within or outside the country. Indigenous Theater The rituals, dances, and customs of the different cultural communities of the Philippines are still performed with urgency and vitality. In most rituals, a native priest/priestess goes into a trance and partakes of a sacrificial offering. Among the Tagbanua of Palawan, the ritual of the diwata is held after the rice harvest to ask the spirits of ancestors for a bountiful harvest. The interior of the home of the babalyan is decorated with Tagbanua writing and designs. The ritual offerings are carefully arranged in a large room, with a wooden boat hanging from the ceiling, a mat of food offerings, a bamboo swing, a stool, and wine jars. Spanish Colonial Theater The Spanish colonizers from 1565 to 1898 used theater to Christianize the natives and attract them to the pueblo. This led to the popularization of secular and religious plays, such as the komedya, which is a play in verse that takes from 3 to 15 hours and several sessions to perform. It has two principal types: the secular komedya, which concentrates on epic stories of love and vengeance, and the religious komedya, which narrates the lives of patron saints. Princess Ordelisa of Turquia leads a mission to the Christian court to demand Constantino's surrender and exact vengeance on Constantino's general, Lucero. Queen Elena finds the cross, but loses it to the Moors. American Colonial and Contemporary Period The American colonial regime from 1901 to 1946 had a profound effect on 20th century Philippine theater, first in form and later in philosophy. This influence is seen in the Philippine bodabil (vaudeville), Western plays presented in English or Filipino translation/adaptation, and original modern plays written by contemporary playwrights. During the Japanese Occupation, the bodabil began to include a short melodrama at the end. After the war, the return to popularity of the movies drove the stage show into small, cheap theaters or open-air stages. Filipinos have presented Broadway plays, translations of Western plays, and adaptations of Western plays. FILM  Film is the art of moving picture photography is a relatively modern (20th century) form of art. It borrows from other arts, like music, drama and literature, and it is entirely dependent on technological development such as photography, sound system, lightning system and lately, computer imagery and digital techniques.  CINEMA TOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES CUTTING - or sometimes called editing consists of joining the shot to another shot. It helps eliminate unwanted scenes, thereby lowering the cost of production.  TRANSITION DEVICES FOR CUTTING: A. FADE - does not only indicate a change of time and place but also shows how a previous image fades out followed by a brief period of blankness/darkness which comes to the screen before the new scene gradually becomes visible. B. DISSOLVE- involves the superimposition of the last part of the previous shot over the adjacent portion of the next shot to show two events/scenes happening at the same time. C. IRIS-IN, IRIS-OUT- a device in silent movies which involves fades from edges of the screen to the center of the screen. D. TURNOVER- shows the whole screen turning over and continuing to the other side CAMERA MOVEMENTS - camera movements help viewers experience the gradual growth of ideas or emotions. FRAMING - it brings about balance and unity and can provide highly dramatic effects that can capture and hold the viewers’ attention.  THE FIRST TWO AESTHETIC FACTORS ARE EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO FILM: A. DENOMINATION OF SPACE - in viewing a film, space becomes dynamic, not static. Spatial distance between the viewer and the movie varies. B. SPECIALIZATION OF TIME - in viewing a movie, time is place in space. The passage of time (hour, day, season, year etc.) is recorded on films and thus, can be repeated. C. CLOSE UP - when the face of a performer is blown up, the attention of the viewers is automatically drawn to the face alone, Therefore, the feelings and thoughts of the actor are vividly “dramatized” the result of the visual effect of the close-up (also camera zooming) on his face. D.SIGNIFICANCE - motion picture films shape and influence the opinion of more than 60% of the world’s population. his to ry o f F IL M  The youngest of the Philippine arts, film has evolved to become the most popular of all the art forms. Introduced only in 1897, films have ranged from silent movies to talkies; black and white to color. Outpacing its predecessors by gaining public acceptance, from one end of the country to the other, its viewers come from all walks of life. Nationwide, there are more than 1000 movie theaters. Early in the 1980s, it was estimated in Metro Manila alone, there were around 2.5 million moviegoers. As an art form, it reflects the culture and the beliefs of the people it caters to and most times, is the one who shapes their consciousness. The 1930s and 1940s Philippine Films The film industry in the Philippines began in 1919 through the initiative of foreign entrepreneurs. Two Swiss entrepreneurs introduced film shows in Manila in 1897 and silent films in 1903. Jose Nepumuceno was the first Filipino to make a film, based on a musical play by Hemogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio. Capital was needed to keep up with the Hollywood industry, but it was difficult to match Hollywood style with the meager capital set aside for the developing film industry. Ironically, the same people who helped the film industry develop as a form of expression also suppressed this expression. Wartime films and its effect on the Philippine Films In 1945, the Philippine film industry emerged as a genre of war movies with soldiers and guerillas as protagonists. Movies such as Garrison 13, Dugo ng Bayan, Walang Kamatayan, and Guerilyera told the stories of the war. However, World War II left its mark on the Filipino's imagination and sense of reality. 1950’s to 1970’s The 1950s was a time of "rebuilding and growth" for the Filipino film industry. Two studios before the war, Sampaguita Pictures and LVN, reestablished themselves and churned out movies to make up for the drought caused by the war. This was the period of the "Big Four" when the industry operated under the studio system, with each studio having its own set of stars, technicians and directors. Critics now consider the 50s a "Golden Age" for the Filipino film, as cinematic techniques achieved an artistic breakthrough. Awards were established in the decade, such as the Maria Clara Awards and the FAMAS Awards, which established the Philippines as a major filmmaking center in Asia. Films DURING MARTIAL LAW Martial Law declared in 1972 clamped down on bomba films and political movies critical of the Marcos administration. This led to the rise of young directors such as Lino Brocka, Ishmael Bernal, and Celso Ad. Castillo, who produced works that portrayed revolt, labor unionism, social ostracism, and class division. Additionally, the requirement of a script prior to filming was introduced, which caused talent in literature to find their way into filmmaking. Films after MARTIAL LAW Kidlat Tahimik's 1977 film Mababangong Bangungot won the International Critic's Prize in Berlin, defining the distance between mainstream cinema and independent cinema. Young filmmakers such as Nick Deocampo and Raymond Red are examples of "alternative filmmakers" who are exposed to art films without the compromises of commercial filmmaking.  SCULPTURE IN THE ROUND IS A SEPARATE, DETACHED OBJECT, LEADING THE SAME KIND OF INDEPENDENT EXISTENCE IN SPACE AS A HUMAN BODY OR A CHAIR. A RELIEF DOES NOT HAVE THIS KIND OF INDEPENDENCE. IT PROJECTS FROM AND IS ATTACHED TO OR IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF SOMETHING ELSE THAT SERVES EITHER AS A BACKGROUND AGAINST SCULPTURAL TECHNIQUES  PICTORIAL SCULPTURE IN THIS TYPE OF SCULPTURE, THE ARTIST, LIKE A PAINTER, IS MORE CONCERNED WITH DETAILS THAN ANYTHING ELSE. SCULPTURESQUE SCULPTURE TYPE OF SCULPTURE IN WHICH THE ARTIST IS MORE CONCERNED WITH THE MATERIALS USED, ITS STRENGTH AND SOLIDITY, ITS SURFACE QUALITY, AND ITS TACTILE VALUE.  BUILT-UP SCULPTURE IN THIS TYPE OF SCULPTURE, THE ARTIST IS AS MUCH CONCERNED WITH THE MATERIALS USED AS WELL AS WITH DETAILS. EXAMPLES “PIETA” AND “LAOCON”  ARCHITECTURE IS THE ART OF DESIGNING STRUCTURE. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES EMERGED FROM EVOLUTION OF TECHNIQUES AND STYLES PARTICULAR TO A CULTURE IN A GIVEN TIME PERIOD. THE TERM DOES NOT ONLY INCLUDE STRUCTURAL DESIGNS THAT HAVE SLOWLY EVOLVED THROUGH THE AGES, BUT ALSO THOSE THAT ORIGINATED FROM NO DESIGNER.  GREEK THE TEMPLE WAS THE MOST COMMON AND BEST-KNOWN FORM OF GREEK PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE. THE TEMPLE DID NOT SERVE THE SAME FUNCTION AS A MODERN CHURCH SINCE THE ALTAR STOOD UNDER THE OPEN SKY IN THE TEMENSER SACRED FANE DIRECTLY BEFORE THE TEMPLE. TEMPLES SERVED AS STORAGE PLACES FOR THE TREASURY ASSOCIATED WITH THE CULT OF GOD IN QUESTION, AS THE LOCATION OF THE CULT IMAGE AND AS A PLACE FOR DEVOTEES OF GOD TO LEAVE THEIR VOTIVE OFFERINGS SUCH AS STATUES, HELMETS AND WEAPONS.  ROMAN THE ROMANS WERE THE FIRST TO USE BRICKS AND CEMENT AND DEVELOPED A VARIETY OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, INCLUDING THE COLISEUM, BASILICAS, ARCHES, AQUEDUCTS, AND AMPHITHEATERS.  BYZANTINE BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE IS THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE. THE EMPIRE GRADUALLY EMERGED AS A DISTINCT ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL ENTITY FROM WHAT IS TODAY REFERRED TO AS THE ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER AD 330 WHEN THE ROMAN EMPEROR CONSTANTINE MOVED THE CAPITAL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.  ROMANESQUE THE WORD “ROMANSQUE” MEANING DESCENDED FROM ROMAN WAS FIRST USED IN ENGLISH TO DESIGNATE WHAT ARE NOW CALLED ROMANCE LANGUAGES. THE TERM WAS FIRST APPLIED IN FRENCH BY THE ARCHAEOLOGIST CHARLES DE GERVILLE OR HIS ASSOCIATE ARCISSE DE CAUMONT, IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY, TO DESCRIBE WESTERN EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE FROM THE 5TH TO THE 13TH CENTURIES.  GOTHIC GOTHIC IS A STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPED IN WESTERN EUROPE BETWEEN 12TH- 16TH CENTURIES, CHARACTERIZED BY THE USED OF RIBBED VAULT, FLYING BUTTRESSES, POINTED ARCHES, STEEP ROOFS, ETC. THERE IS AN EMPHASIS ON THE VERTICAL, WITH GALLERIES AND ARCADES REPLACING INTERNAL WALLS AND EXTENSIVE USED OF GLASS.  RENAISSANCE THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES) IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE ADAPTATION OF CLASSICAL ORDER AND DESIGN, PARTICULARLY ROMAN; IT HAS A HARMONIOUS REPETITION OF DETAILS, THE USE OF HORIZONTAL LINES AND DELICATE CARVINGS. THE MOOD IS WORLDLY WITH ARISTOCRATIC BALANCE.  ARCHITECTURE PLANNING IS AN IMPORTANT PHASE IN ARCHITECTURE. THERE ARE GENERAL PRINCIPLES TO CONSIDER WHEN PLANNING FOR A CONSTRUCTION. THESE ARE: 1. ORIENTATION- THIS MEANS THE CONTROL OF THE EFFECTS OF SUN, WIND, AND RAINFALL. 2. DESIGN- THE MODIFICATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE NATURAL FORCES. FOR EXAMPLE, PORCHES, EAVES, ROOFS, ETC. 3. FENESTRATION- CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION OF WINDOWS FOR LIGHT, VENTILATION, AND HEATING. 4. WALLS- INSULATION AND HEATING CONTROL. 5. COLOR- SHOULD BE CHOSEN FOR THE PRACTICAL AND EXPRESSIVE QUALITIES, REFLECTION AND ABSORPTION OF LIGHT. 6. MATERIAL AND TECHNIQUES- DEPEND ON THE NATURE OF THE MATERIAL USED AND THE INTENTION FOR THEM. Poetry is literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene, or tells a story in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words. Poems can be structured, with rhyming lines and meters—the rhythm and emphasis of a line based on syllable beats—or they can be freeform, with no formal structure. The basic building block of a poem is a verse known as a stanza, which is a grouping of lines related to the same thought or topic. METERS IN POETRY one foot = manometer two feet = diameter three feet = trimester four feet = tetrameter five feet = pentameter six feet = hexameter seven feet = heptameter eight feet = octameter  STANZA - In poetry, a "stanza" is the main unit that makes up a poem. It is a group of lines that are all about the same idea or subject. It is like a paragraph in prose or a verse in a song. Every stanza in a poem has its own idea and is meant to do something different. A stanza can be put together based on how it rhymes and how fast or slow it moves. It can also be a free verse that doesn't follow any rules.  PURPOSE - The word "stanza" in Italian means "room." Then, stanzas work in a poem like rooms work in a house. Billy Collins, a well-known poet and the former US Poet Laureate, says: “You’re taking the reader on a tour of the poem, room by room, like taking someone through your house and describing it. The structure of a poem's stanzas - just as the rooms in a house say a lot about the house - is crucial to understanding how poems are written. THE FOLLOWING THINGS ABOUT A POEM CAN BE SEEN IN ITS STANZAS: Structure - A poem always has a set of rules for how it is put together. Stanzas are a part of how a poem is built. Pattern - Formal verse poetry has a set rhyme scheme and meter, and the first stanza sets the pattern for the rest of the poem. The second stanza will have the same rhyme and rhythm, and so on.  Organization - Most of the time, a stanza's lines explore a single idea. When the poet moves on to the next idea, they may start a new stanza. Set the tone - When there is a break between stanzas, it may mean that the mood or tone of the poem has changed. Shape - The shape of a poem is made up of the space around and between stanzas (or the lack of space) and the pattern they make on the page.  Literary WRITINGS ARE CLASSIFIED AS LITERATURE WHEN THEY ARE REGARDED AS HAVING ARTISTIC OR INTELLECTUAL MERIT. ALTHOUGH IT WAS ENTWINED WITH THE ROMAN CONCEPT OF CULTURE: LEARNING OR CULTURE, ITS LATIN ROOT LITERATURA/LITTERATURA— WHICH ITSELF WAS DERIVED FROM LITTERA, LETTER OR HANDWRITING—WAS USED TO REFER TO ALL WRITTEN ACCOUNTS. LANGUAGE IS FREQUENTLY USED IN LITERATURE IN A UNIQUE WAY FROM EVERYDAY LANGUAGE. Thank You FOR LISTENING!