Upper Limb Anatomy Lecture PDF

‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬ Overview of upper limb Bones of Upper Limb Appendicular bone Shoulder Girdle = scapula, clavicle Upper limb bone – Arm: humerus – Forearm: radius, ulna – Hand: carpals, metacarpals, pha...

‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬ Overview of upper limb Bones of Upper Limb Appendicular bone Shoulder Girdle = scapula, clavicle Upper limb bone – Arm: humerus – Forearm: radius, ulna – Hand: carpals, metacarpals, phalanges Joints of Upper Extremity Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint Glenohumeral [Shoulder] joint Joints of Upper Limb Elbow Joint [Articulations between] – Humerus & Ulna – Humerus & Radius Joints of Upper Limb Proximal Radioulnar joint Distal Radioulnar joint Joints of Upper Limb Radiocarpal joint [wrist joint]. Intercarpal joints Carpo-metacarpal joints Metacarpal-phalangeal joints Inter-phalangeal joints  Parts of upper limb Shoulder region－junction of arm and trunk Arm－between should and elbow Elbow－between arm and forearm Forearm－between elbow and hand Hand Muscles connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall Pectoral region anteriorly Pectoralis major Subclevius Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior  Muscles connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall Scapular region posteriorly Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Latissimus dorsi  Muscles connecting the scapula to the humerus Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Subscapularis The axilla  The Axilla A four sided pyramidal space between the upper part of the arm and the chest wall through which major neurovascular structures pass between the thorax and upper limb. It has an apex, a base and four walls.  Boundaries Apex is bounded by – Middle 1/3 of clavicle (anteriorly) – Outer border of first rib (medially) – Upper border of the scapula (posteriorly) Base (floor) is formed by the skin, superficial fascia and axillary fascia.  Muscles anterior posterior medial lateral pectoralis Subscapularis Upper 4-5 biceps brachii major intercostal teres major muscles coracobrachialis pectoralis minor latissimus serratus dorsi anterior subclavius  Contents of axilla Infraclavicular part of brachial plexus Axillary artery. Axillary vein. Axillary lymph nodes. Axillary tail of breast. Fatty tissue. - It is a network of nerves formed by C5,6,7,8 and T1 - It supplies the whole upper limb except 1 muscle (trapezius) - It has 5 stages: roots, trunks, divisions, cords and branches. - The roots and trunks lie in the neck above the clavicle (supraclavicular part) - Divisions lie behind the clavicle (retro-clavicular part) - The cords and branches lie in the axilla (infraclavicular part)  The axillary artery The axillary artery begins at the lateral border of the first rib as a continuation of the subclavian artery. It changes its name to brachial artery at lower border of the teres major muscle.  The axillary vein The axillary vein lies along the medial side of the artery and is a continuation of the basilic vein. It begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle. and ends at the lateral border of the first rib, where it becomes the subclavian vein. Lymph from the upper limb, shoulder and scapular regions, pectoral region (including the mammary gland) and upper abdomen drain through the axillary nodes. There are some 15 to 20 nodes usually arranged into to five groups: pectoral (anterior) lateral posterior central apical