Lecture 3: Fundamentals of Systems Engineering PDF

Lecture 3 Fundamentals of Systems Engineering  Basic Concepts of Systems What is a system? A system is an integrated composite of people, products, and processes that provide the capability to satisfy a need or objective. It can also be described in two broad ways: In func...

Lecture 3 Fundamentals of Systems Engineering  Basic Concepts of Systems What is a system? A system is an integrated composite of people, products, and processes that provide the capability to satisfy a need or objective. It can also be described in two broad ways: In functional terms which articulate what the system will do, how well it will do it, and under what conditions it will perform, and what other systems will be involved with its operations. In physical terms relating to the system components and explains what the components are, how they look, and how they are to be manufactured and integrated.  Systems Engineering What is system engineering? Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary engineering management process that derives, evolves, and verifies a lifecycle balanced system solution which satisfies customer expectations and meets public acceptability. Common Themes of systems engineering: Requirements Engineering A Top-Down Approach A Focus on the Life Cycle System optimization and balance Integration of disciplines and specialties Management  Systems Engineering Systems Engineering Benefits: Enhances the scope for saving money during all phases of the system life cycle (LCC – Life Cycle Cost) by focus on the whole system. Can assist in reducing the overall schedule through accurate definition of user requirements, system concept trade-offs, minimizing and controlling changes. Reduces technical risks by early identification and regular monitoring throughout the project. The greatest impact of systems engineering on the systems life cycle is in the Concept Development Stage.  Systems Engineering The Systems Engineering Method: All systems engineering standards and practices utilize processes built around the iterative application of the scientific process of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Requirements analysis (problem definition) Functional definition (functional analysis and allocation) Physical definition (analysis and allocation) Design validation (verification, evaluation) Initially the process is applied at the systems level. It is then repeated at the next level of detail and so on until the entire development process is complete. Systems Engineering  Systems Engineering Management The systems engineering management discipline has emerged as an effective way to manage complexity and change and reduce risk associated with new systems or modifications to existing systems. Key responsibilities of an SEM: Planning and managing activities: Defining workflows, allocating resources, and ensuring SE tasks are completed effectively. Leading and collaborating with technical teams: Providing guidance, resolving conflicts, and fostering communication among engineers from different disciplines. Managing risks and issues: Identifying potential problems, developing mitigation strategies, and ensuring timely solutions. Communicating progress and challenges: Keeping stakeholders informed about the project's status and addressing any concerns.  Basic Problems Concerning Systems The system (manufacturing system) can be thought of as a transformation (factory) T on inputs (resources of production, especially raw materials) I, which produces outputs (products) O; this input-output relationship is expressed symbolically by means of the following equation: T(I) = O Where T is mathematically called an operator.  Basic Problems Concerning Systems Basic Problems Concerning the System (1) System definition: Clarify contents of T, I, and O (investigate the factory, raw materials, and products). (2) System analysis: (a) System operation: Given T and I, find O (design the products to be made by given raw materials on an existing factory). (b) System inversion: Given T and O, find I (determine the raw materials to make a certain product in an existing factory). (c) System identification: Given I and O, determine a suitable T (given raw materials and a product to be produced, establish the suitable factory or determine an appropriate production process). (3) System optimization: Pick I, O, or T so that a specified evaluation criterion is optimized (decide proper raw materials, products, or production processes to minimize the total production time or cost or to maximize the total profit obtained).in,  Systems Engineering Process From a systems engineering perspective, "the process" refers to the structured framework used to plan, develop, implement, and operate a complex system. It involves a series of interconnected activities that guide you from the initial concept to a functioning system. It's not a linear path from start to finish but rather a cyclical process with phases and activities that sometimes need to be revisited and iterated upon as new information becomes available. It considers the entire system, not just individual components, ensuring integration and alignment with overall goals. It includes both technical activities like design and testing alongside management activities like risk management and planning.  Systems Engineering Process (Healthcare system process) Physical exam Physical exam Flu D R P Broken arm Broken arm T B Flu D: Doctor (examination rooms) R: Radiology (X-ray) T: Triage (assess severity of illness) B: Blood (lab test) P: Pharmacy (fill prescriptions)  Process Chart Summary Process: Emergency room admission Subject: Ankle injury patient Number Time Distance Beginning: Enter emergency room Activity of steps (min) (ft) Ending: Leave hospital Operation 5 23 — Insert Step Transport 9 11 815 Inspect 2 8 — Append Step Delay 3 8 — Remove Step Store — — — Step Time Distance no. (min) (ft) Step description 1 0.50 15 X Enter emergency room, approach patient window 2 10.0 - X Sit down and fill out patient history 3 0.75 40 X Nurse escorts patient to ER triage room 4 3.00 - X Nurse inspects injury 5 0.75 40 X Return to waiting room 6 1.00 - X Wait for available bed 7 1.00 60 X Go to ER bed 8 4.00 - X Wait for doctor 9 5.00 - X Doctor inspects injury and questions patient 10 2.00 200 X Nurse takes patient to radiology 11 3.00 - X Technician x-rays patient 12 2.00 200 X Return to bed in ER 13 3.00 - X Wait for doctor to return 14 2.00 - X Doctor provides diagnosis and advice 15 1.00 60 X Return to emergency entrance area 16 4.00 - X Check out 17 2.00 180 X Walk to pharmacy 18 4.00 - X Pick up prescription 19 1.00 20 X Leave the building