Product Development Quiz PDF

**Kano Quality/Design Model** The Kano Model explains how product quality is linked to customer satisfaction by categorizing features into three types: 1. **Exciting Attributes:** Unexpected features that delight customers. - **Example**: Innovative mobile features. 2. **Performance Attr...

**Kano Quality/Design Model** The Kano Model explains how product quality is linked to customer satisfaction by categorizing features into three types: 1. **Exciting Attributes:** Unexpected features that delight customers. - **Example**: Innovative mobile features. 2. **Performance Attributes:** Features customers actively seek; more is better. - **Example**: Products available at a good price. 3. **Basic Attributes:** Essential features that customers expect as a minimum standard. - **Example**: A leak-proof milk can. **1) What is the first step in the product development process?** A\) project customer needs B\) generate product ideas final step **manufacture, delivery, and use** C\) process technology selection D\) manufacturing system design E\) marketing plan design **2) During the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of the project development process, external and internal sources brainstorm new concepts.** A\) product marketing and supply chain preparation B\) technology development for process selection C\) customer future needs projection **D) product idea generation** E\) technology selection for product development **3) Which of the following is an internal source for product ideas?** A\) management Marketing, management, research and development (R&D),employee suggestions B\) industry experts C\) competitors D\) inventors E\) customers **4) Which of the following is an external source for product ideas?** A\) marketing B\) employee suggestions C\) research and development D\) management **E) industry experts** The customer, industry experts, consultants, competitors, suppliers, inventors **5) R&D-generated ideas can be differentiated from marketing-generated ideas in that the latter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) tend to be risky B\) are less aligned with customer needs **C) build on existing designs** D\) tend to be groundbreaking E\) tend to be technologically innovative **6) During \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of the product development process, preliminary work can be performed to identify key quality characteristics and potential for variability with each of the different materials.** A\) product marketing and supply chain preparation B\) **technology selection** for product development C\) technology development for process selection D\) final product definition E\) manufacturing system design **7) The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of the product development process often requires the design of aftersales processes such as maintenance, warranties, and repair processes that occur after the customer owns the product.** A\) final product definition B\) product design and evaluation C\) manufacturing system design D\) technology selection for product development E\) product **marketing** and supply chain preparation **8) The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of the product development process requires definition of the product architecture, the design, production, testing of subassemblies, and testing of the system for production.** A\) manufacturing system design B\) final product definition C\) product design and **evaluation** D\) technology development for process selection E\) technology selection for product development **9) In the product development process, the acronym PDS stands for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) Product Development System B\) Product Distribution System C\) Product Design and Selection D\) Product Design Specification E\) Product Definition and Specification **10) The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of the product development process involves the selection of the process technologies that will result in a low-cost, high-quality product.** A\) final product definition B\) technology selection for product development C\) technology development for process selection D\) product design and evaluation E\) **manufacturing system** design **11) What is the final step in the product development process?** A\) project customer needs **B) manufacture, delivery, and use** C\) final product definition D\) product evaluation E\) manufacturing system design **12) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used to develop a computer-compatible mathematical description of a part**. **A) Geometric modeling** B\) Engineering analysis C\) Multilevel prototyping D\) Process modeling E\) Concurrent engineering **13) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves the usage of heat-transfer calculations, stress calculations, or differential equations to determine the dynamic behavior of the system being designed**. A\) Process modeling B\) Geometric modeling C\) Concurrent engineering D\) Engineering analysis E\) Multilevel prototyping **14) Examining a design to see if different components in a product occupy the same space is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) process evaluation B\) design analysis **C) interference checking** D\) multilevel evaluation E\) product testing **15) The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ component of a CAD system allows for the cataloging and standardization of parts and components for complex products.** **A) group technology** B\) geometric modeling C\) multilevel prototyping D\) product testing E\) concurrent engineering **16) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the performance of all the design process steps simultaneously.** A\) Just-in-time engineering B\) Lean engineering C\) Concurrent engineering D\) Reengineering E\) Reverse engineering **24) Teams comprised of people from various disciplines are a primary component of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which involves product and process design steps occurring simultaneously.** A\) enterprise resource planning B\) reverse engineering C\) systems engineering D\) concurrent engineering E\) design for manufacture **17) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the differences in products that are produced and marketed by a single firm at any given time.** A\) Change B\) Criticality C\) Nonuniformity D\) Variety E\) Differentiation **18) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the magnitude of the differences in a product when measured at two different times. حجم الأختلاف** A\) Criticality B\) Variety C\) Differentiation D\) Nonuniformity E\) Change **19) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ products are new products using similar technologies that can coexist in a family of products. يمكن ان تتعايش** A\) Contiguous B\) Complementary تكميلية C\) Differentiated D\) Concurrent E\) Variable 20\) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means to design products so that they are cost-effective and simple to build. A\) Design for maintenance B\) Design for control C\) Design for reliability D\) Design for engineering **E) Design for manufacture** **21) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means standardizing parts, modularizing, and using as few parts as possible in a design.** A\) Designing for engineering B\) Designing for reliability C\) Designing for manufacture D\) Designing for simplicity E\) Designing for control **22) Over-the-wall syndrome refers to the difficulties that arise when \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) different types of engineers work in totally different departments B\) firms integrate financial, planning, and control systems into a single architecture C\) translating customer requirements into functional design D\) environmental issues become key considerations for companies designing products E\) the design products become complicated to build **23) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ systems are used to integrate financial, planning, and control systems into a single architecture.** A\) Product data management B\) **Enterprise resource planning** C\) Computer-aided design D\) Business process management E\) Information technology management **25) Layering is performed during \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by overlaying the geometric images of the final shape of a part over the image of a rough casting. يتم تنفيد الطبقات** A\) design review B\) geometric modeling C\) inference checking D\) engineering analysis E\) computer aided inspection 26\) Product idea generation is the first step in the project development process. TRUE 27\) The primary source for external product ideas is research and development. **FALSE** The customer, industry experts, consultants, competitors, suppliers, inventors 28\) Industry experts are external sources for product ideas. TRUE 29\) Marketing-generated ideas tend to be groundbreaking, risky, and technologically innovative as compared to R&D-generated ideas. **FALSE** **R&D**-generated ideas tend to be groundbreaking, risky, and technologically innovative. 30\) R&D-generated ideas tend to be more incremental, or built upon existing designs, and are better aligned with customer needs than marketing-generated ideas. **FALSE** **Marketing**-generated ideas tend to be more incremental---that is, they build on existing **designs**---and are better aligned with customer needs 31\) Technology development for process selection involves identifying key quality characteristics and potential for variability with each of the different materials. **FALSE** **product** **During technology selection** for product development **stage of the product development process, preliminary work can be performed to identify key quality characteristics and potential for variability with each of the different materials.** 32\) **Manufacturing system design** is the selection of the process technologies that will result in a low-cost, high-quality product. TRUE 33\) Geometric modeling is used to develop a hand-drawn mathematical description of a part. **FALSE** **a computer-compatible** 34\) Examining a design to see if different components in a product occupy the **same space** is called **interference checking**. TRUE 35\) **Automated drafting** results in the creation of a **final drawing** of the designed product and its components. TRUE 36\) The multilevel prototyping component of the CAD system allows for the **cataloging and standardization** of parts and components for complex products. Answer: **FALSE** **group technology** 37\) Computer-aided inspection is performed by infrared and **noncontact sensors**. TRUE 38\) Reengineering refers to the performance of all the design process steps **simultaneously**. **FALSE** Concurrent engineering 39\) Concurrent engineering leads to increased interaction with the customer. TRUE 40\) As product life cycles become longer, product variety and change become much more important to a successful competitor. **FALSE** shorten 41\) **Variety** refers to the **differences in products** that are produced and **marketed by a single firm** at any given time. TRUE 42\) **Change** is the magnitude of the **differences in a product when measured at two different times.** TRUE 43\) **Complementary** products are new products using different technologies that can **coexist** in a family of products. **FALSE** similar 44\) **Design for manufacture** means to design products so that they are cost-effective and **simple to build**. TRUE 45\) **The over-the-wall** syndrome refers to **design difficulties and increased design cycle times** due to organizational problems. TRUE 46\) The over-the-wall syndrome is demonstrated by **looking at the design process sequentially**. TRUE 47\) **Design for manufacture** methods are designed to radically increase cycle times. **FALSE** reduce 48\) Enterprise resource planning systems are used to **integrate financial, planning, and control systems into a single architecture.** TRUE 49**) State the nine phases of a product development process.** Product idea generation Customer future needs projection Technology selection for product development Technology development for process selection Final product definition Product marketing and supply chain preparation Product design and evaluation Manufacturing system design Product manufacture, delivery, and use **50) What are multiuser CAD systems?** Using a common database in a network, multiple designers in locations worldwide can work on a design simultaneously around the clock. Consider a multinational corporation developing a new product. When the U.S. designers sleep, Asian and European designers work. When the U.S. designers return to work, they can see the progress that has been made overnight. **51) Explain the use of CAD systems in geometric design and engineering analysis**. **Geometric Design:** Creates 2D and 3D models of parts. **Engineering Analysis:** Performs tests like stress and heat-transfer calculations. **Mass Properties Analysis:** Automatically calculates weight, volume, and center of gravity. **52) Define interference checking with an example.** **Interference checking** is the process of examining a design to ensure that different components do not occupy the same space. **Example:** In aircraft design, interference checking ensures that hundreds of pipes and thousands of wires fit properly within the aircraft walls, preventing design conflicts and ensuring feasibility. **53) What is the group technology component of a CAD system?** Answer: An important component of a CAD system is the group technology component that allows for the cataloging and standardization of parts and components for complex products. Standard parts can result in fewer suppliers, simpler inventory, and less variability in processes. **54) Explain concurrent engineering and state its benefits.** Answer: If the design process steps are performed sequentially, the design process will be very time-consuming. Therefore, the steps are performed simultaneously as often as possible. This approach is called concurrent engineering and has been very helpful in speeding up the design life cycle. The benefits of concurrent engineering primarily include communication among group members and speed. By working on products and processes simultaneously, the group makes fewer mistakes, and the time to get the concept to market is reduced drastically. The team concept joins people from various disciplines, which enhance communication and the cross-fertilization of ideas. Another benefit of concurrent engineering is increased interaction with the customer. Often customers are included in concurrent engineering teams to give immediate feedback on product designs. **55) State the importance of complementary products.** Complementary products are new products using similar technologies that can coexist in a family of products. **Complementary products are needed for two reasons**. **First**, product obsolescence requires that products be updated. **Second**, some products have seasonal demand necessitating counter seasonal products. **56) State any three considerations in a design.** **Design for Manufacture (DFM):** Ensuring products are cost-effective and easy to build. **Design for Reliability:** Creating stable and dependable products. **Design for Simplicity:** Standardizing parts, modularizing, and minimizing components. **57) Explain the over-the-wall syndrome.** Answer: In the old world of designing products, there existed a hierarchy of engineers. At the top of this hierarchy was the product design engineer. Lower down the hierarchy were the process design engineers. Often these different engineers worked in totally different departments. The fact that they were in different departments often impeded communication. This organizational problem has been referred to as the over-the-wall syndrome. Over-the-wall syndrome refers to poor communication between product design and process design engineers, often due to departmental separation. This lack of collaboration leads to inefficiencies and misunderstandings in product development. **58) State the importance of the product data management (PDM) tool?** Answer: An important component of design software is the product data management (PDM) tool. PDM is a general extension of techniques commonly known as engineering data management, document management, and other similar names. PDM helps manage both product data and the product development process by tracking the masses of data needed to design, manufacture, support, and maintain products. The Product Data Management (PDM) tool is crucial for managing product data and the development process. It tracks and organizes design, manufacturing, and support data, ensuring efficient collaboration, version control, and streamlined workflows. **\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--** **59) The acronym QFD stands for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) Quality Function Deployment B\) Quality Feasibility Development C\) Quality Function Design D\) Quality Factors for Development E\) Quality Feasibility Data **60) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ describes a method for translating customer requirements into functional design.** A\) Manufacturing system design B\) Final product definition **C) Quality function deployment** D\) Product design specification E\) Customer future projection **61) What is the first step in performing quality function deployment?** A\) Prioritize technical requirements. B\) Identify the correlations between design elements in the roof of the house. C\) Prioritize customer requirements. D\) Develop a listing of technical design elements along the roof of the house. E\) **Develop a list of customer requirements**. **62) A particular customer requirement has a strong association with a technical requirement, an importance of 6, a target value of 3, and a sales point value of 2. The absolute weight of this customer requirement is** 36 **63) A particular customer requirement is associated with a technical requirement, has an importance of 3, a target value of 5, and a sales point value of 2. The absolute weight of this customer requirement is** 30 **64) A particular customer requirement is associated with a technical requirement, has an importance of 3, a target value of 1, and a sales point value of 3. The absolute weight of thi customer requirement is** 9 **65) A particular customer requirement has a strong association with a technical requirement, an importance of 9, a target value of 3, and a sales point value of 1. The absolute weight of this customer requirement is 27** 66\) Quality function deployment (QFD) describes a method for translating customer requirements into functional design. TRUE 67\) The first step in **performing quality function deployment** is to develop a listing of technical design elements along the roof of the house. **FALSE** **Develop a list of customer requirements** 68\) Customer requirements with high competitive assessments and low importance are candidates for improvement. **FALSE** low\-\--high **69) What is quality function deployment (QFD)?** Quality function deployment (QFD) describes a method for translating customer requirements into functional design. Sometimes this process of translation is referred to as the voice of the customer. The quality function deployment approach was developed by Dr. S. Mizuno, a former professor of the Tokyo Institute of Technology. **70) What are the steps in performing quality function deployment?** Develop a list of customer requirements. Develop a listing of technical design elements along the roof of the house. Demonstrate the relationships between the customer requirements and technical design elements. Identify the correlations between design elements in the roof of the house. Perform a competitive assessment of the customer requirements. Prioritize customer requirements. Prioritize technical requirements. Final evaluation. **71) During the prioritization of technical requirements step of Quality Function Deployment, how are the values for absolute and relative weights established?** The value for the absolute weight is the sum of the products of the relationship between customer and technical requirements and the importance to the customer columns. The value for relative weight is the sum of the products of the relationship between customer requirements and technical requirements and the customer requirements absolute weights. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **72) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reliability is defined as the propensity for a part to fail over a given time.** A\) System B\) Concurrent C\) Component D\) Process E\) Perpetual **72) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reliability refer to probability that a system of components will perform the intended function over a specified product life.** A\) **System** computed from the aggregation of multiple components B\) Concurrent C\) Component D\) Process E\) Perpetual **73) In 1972, Congress created the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to protect citizens from unreasonable risks of injury and death due to defective products or components.** A\) Customer Product Safety Council B\) Consumer Product Safety Commission C\) Consumer Protection Safety Council D\) Customer Product Safety Commission E\) Council for Product Safety Components **74) Which of the following is an analytical tool that graphically renders the combination of faults that lead to failure in a system?** A\) System failure diagram B\) Decision-tree analysis C\) Fault-tree analysis D\) Product traceability matrix E\) FMEA flowchart **75) Which design methodology includes design concepts such as easily replaceable components, safe maintenance, and nondestructive disassembly?** A\) product life-cycle design B\) complementary product design C\) **design for maintainability** D\) design for reliability It makes little sense to design a product that is **capable and stable**, but not reliable. E\) design for manufacture means to design products so that they are cost-effective and **simple to build.** 76\) Designing for reliability means **standardizing parts**, modularizing, and using as few parts as possible in a design. **FALSE**. **Designing for simplicity** 77\) System reliability is defined as the propensity for **a part to fail** over a given time. **FALSE** component reliability 78\) Component reliability is computed from the aggregation of **multiple components**. **FALSE** system reliability 79\) Failure modes and effects analysis is an **analytical tool** that graphically renders the combinations of faults that **lead to failure of a system**. **FALSE** **Fault-tree analysis** **Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)** systematically considers each component of a system---identifying, analyzing, and documenting the possible failure modes within that system and the effects of each failure on the system. It is a bottom-up analysis 80\) **Product traceability increases** product liability relating to safety hazards. **FALSE** **limit** **81) Differentiate between component reliability and system reliability**. **Component reliability** is defined as the propensity for a part to fail over a given time. **System reliability** refers to the probability that a system of components will perform the intended function over a specified product life. It is important to recognize the difference between component reliability and system reliability. The levels of measurement are different for system and component reliability. When we talk of component reliability, we refer to a finite aspect of the overall product. System reliability is computed from the aggregation of multiple components. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **82) What is the first step in failure modes and effects analysis?** A\) Assign each component an identifier. B\) List functions for each part. C\) Identify highest risks. D\) List one or two failure modes for each function. E\) Estimate likelihood of failure. **83) What is the final step in failure modes and effects analysis?** A\) Describe effects of each failure mode. B\) Estimate likelihood of failure. C\) Eliminate or **reduce highest risks.** D\) Estimate failure detection. E\) Determine hazard likelihood and categorize. **84) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to how often a failure will occur, how easy it is to diagnose, and whether it can be fixed.** A\) Reliability B\) Criticality C\) Traceability D\) Feasibility E\) Maintainability 85\) Failure modes and effects analysis begins at the highest level of detail to which the system is designed and works downward. FALSE **lowest**\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- upward. 86\) Failure modes and effects analysis results in **reduction in product development cost**. TRUE 87\) The first step in failure modes and effects analysis is to estimate the likelihood of failure. FALSE Assign each component an identifier. 88\) The primary goal of failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis is to develop priorities for corrective action based on estimated risk. TRUE 89\) **Criticality** prioritizes how the **design team should be spending its resources**. TRUE **90) What are the benefits of using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)?** Answer: Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) systematically considers each component of a system, identifying, analyzing, and documenting the possible failure modes within a system and the effects of each failure on the system. Some benefits that can be derived through the use of FMEA include: Improvement of the safety, quality, and reliability of products Improvement of a company\'s image and its competitiveness Increased satisfaction from a user standpoint Reduction in product development cost Record of actions taken to reduce a product risk **91) State the nine-step process of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA).** Answer: Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) uses a nine-step process: Assign each component an identifier. List functions for each part. List one or two failure modes for each function. Describe effects of each failure mode. Determine hazard likelihood and categorize. Estimate likelihood of failure. Estimate failure detection. Identify highest risks. Eliminate or reduce highest risks. **92) Describe the failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA).** Answer: Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) is an extensive but simple method for identifying ways in which an engineered system could fail. As in FMEA, failures, effects, and causes are identified. FMECA rates failure modes by ranking each possible mode according to both the probabilities of its occurrence and the severity of its effects. The primary goal of FMECA is to develop priorities for corrective action based on estimated risk. FMECA is used to analyze a probable cause of a product failure, to determine how the problem affects a customer, to identify the probable manufacturing or assembly processes responsible, to identify which process control variable to focus on for prevention detection, and to quantify the effects on the customer. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **93) A method of manufacturing that minimizes waste and pollution is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) renewable manufacturing B\) clean manufacturing C\) green manufacturing D\) ecofriendly manufacturing E\) sustainable manufacturing **94) The life-cycle approach to product design has led to practices known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) design for aesthetics, design for performance, and design for quality B\) design for ease of manufacture, design for optimal pricing, and design for quality C\) design for cost containment, design for quality, and design for conformance D\) design for reuse, design for disassembly, and design for remanufacture E\) design for reliability, design for dependability, and design for conformance **95) The move to green manufacturing began in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) Germany B\) Australia C\) Japan D\) United States E\) China **96) A major goal of product traceability and recall procedures is to be able to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A\) implement green manufacturing B\) get listed on the CPSC Web site C\) prioritize how the design team should spend its resources D\) trace products with a minimum cost E\) avoid lawsuits **97) Which of the following is not a green design concept?** A\) Avoid waste B\) Avoid costs associated with reuse and recycling C\) Use reusable energy when possible D\) Make products durable E\) Use nonhazardous materials if possible **98) The principles for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ include using fewer parts and fewer materials, and using snap fits instead of screws.** A\) design for disassembly B\) design for conformance C\) design for reuse D\) design for remanufacturing E\) design for performance 99\) A method of manufacturing that minimizes waste and pollution is referred to as green manufacturing. TRUE 100\) The principles for design for reuse include using fewer parts and fewer materials, and using snap-fits instead of screws. **FALSE** design for disassembly 101\) Differentiate between design for reuse and design for disassembly. Answer: Design for reuse refers to designing products so they can be used in later generations of products. The principles for design for disassembly include using fewer parts and fewer materials, using snap-fits instead of screws, making assembly efficient and improving disposal, using design for disassembly experts in concurrent design teams, and eliminating waste through better design.