Microbial Biotechnology Lecture 3 (PDF)

Microbial Biotechnology Dr. Eman Owis Lecturer Of Microbial Biotechnology – Mansoura Uni P h. D. G ö t t i n g e n U n i - G e r m a n y [email protected]  Microbial...

Microbial Biotechnology Dr. Eman Owis Lecturer Of Microbial Biotechnology – Mansoura Uni P h. D. G ö t t i n g e n U n i - G e r m a n y [email protected]  Microbial biotechnology Nanotechnology in Microorganisms Fermentation Genetically Modified Enzymes in different industry and Introduction associated with Biotechnology Products industry pharmatheutical industry industry & Bioethics Applications of Definition Bacteria, yeast and molds Introduction Genetic Engineering Introduction nanotechnology Production of medical Ethical aspects of Branches of Factors influencing and industrial medical and Fermenter DNA, RNA, Protein biotechnology microbial activity enzymes from pharmatheutical microorganisms biotechnology Importance of bacteria in Molecular Biology Different enzymes in History Types of fermentation the industry techniques medicine and industry Microbial Importance of Molds in biotechnology safety industry & Medicine and regulations Different techniques associated with Microbial biotechnology  Outputs of this Lecture The Process of Fermentation (Principles & Bases). Principles of fermenters or bioreactors. Principles of down streaming. CASE STUDY Industrial Penicillin Manufacturing What is penicillin? Group of antibiotics produced by the Penicillium fungi Effective against actively growing Gram-positive bacteria Some penicillin like amoxicillin are also effective against Gram negative bacteria, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a group of closely related compounds, not a single compound Examples: Amoxicillin, ampicillin, phenooxymethlpenicillin Around 50 drugs that are penicillin Discovery and Production of Penicillin  How to produce penicillin – By fermentation Fermenters Purpose of fermenter – provide contained, controlled and homogeneous environment in which the fermentation can proceed in a manner that is both safe and practical and which optimizes the particular objective of the fermentation. Other primary factors include cost, reliability and safety. For reactor being designed for specific purpose, there are a number of important parameters that will greatly affect performance.  Fermenter consideration Reactor size: optimum rates of production Reactor configuration: mechanical agitation or will a bubble column Mode of operation: will it be fed or continuously fed? Conditions inside the reactor: how will conditions (pH, temperature, …) be controlled? Economic requirements: Easy to operate aseptically Reasonably flexible regarding process requirements Low power consumption Stable under fluctuating conditions Cheap, robust, simple and well understood for scale-up  Media consideration Provide all the elements required for the synthesis of cell materials and the formation of desired product Provide favorable environment for the culture in question Be cost effective Media Formulation Primary and Secondary Metabolism  Production method – Primary or secondary production? – Secondary metabolites are only produced in times of stress when resources are low and the organism must produce these compounds to kill off its competitors to allow t to survive – It is these conditions that we wish to duplicate in order to achieve the maximum amount of product from our fermentation  Overall process Seed culture Heat Biomass Medium Fermentation sterilization removal Final product Fluid bed Centrifugation Extraction (Penicillin G) drying extraction Addition of solvent