Lecture 2 – This is Geography PDF

Lecture 2 – This is Geography Building on Rubenstein (2023) Ch. 1 section 1 – 1.11 Scott Peters Setting the stage ▪ Place and Space ▪ Cartography and Maps ▪ GIScience and GIS ▪ Definitions and how Geographers view the world Space and Place ▪ These are the two basic parts to human...

Lecture 2 – This is Geography Building on Rubenstein (2023) Ch. 1 section 1 – 1.11 Scott Peters Setting the stage ▪ Place and Space ▪ Cartography and Maps ▪ GIScience and GIS ▪ Definitions and how Geographers view the world Space and Place ▪ These are the two basic parts to human geography ▪ Space refers to the physical location, gap, or interval between objects or points ▪ Place is when we give space meaning ▪ Geo – Graphy: literally ‘earth writing’ Scale ▪ Relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole ▪ Personal – Local – Regional – National – International – Global ▪ Map Scale Maps ▪ Two-Dimensional or Flat- Scale model of Earth’s surface or a portion of it ▪ Reference Tool ▪ Communication Tool ▪ Cartography  Mapping ▪ Meridians - Longitude ▪ Parallels - Latitude Royal Naval College, Greenwich Source: British Guild of Tourist Guides (n.d.) Source: Rubenstein (2023) Great Circles and Flight Routes Mapping and ▪ Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) Time Map Projection Other Projections Goode Homolosine Projection Gall-Peters Projection Winkel Projection Types of Maps World Map by Ptolemy CA. 150 C.E. Rubenstein (2023) Neighborhood Cognitive Map Shan’s Map (Jocelyn Curry, 2019) Types of Maps Geologic Map Topographic Map Damron (2021) World Atlas (2024)  Types of Maps Physical Map Political Map Source: World Atlas (2024) Types of Maps Thematic Map Cadaster Map Source: World Atlas (2024) Types of Maps Simplified  Cartography Propaganda Source: Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs (2024) Google Maps GIScience and GIS ▪ Geographic Information Science ▪ Geographic Information System (GIS) Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Spatial Analysis ▪ Location ▪ Distance ▪ Regions ▪ Interaction Location ▪ Where something is ▪ Nominal ▪ Place names, e.g. Simon Fraser, University Burnaby Campus ▪ Absolute ▪ Fixed Geometrically – e.g. SFU 49⁰ 16’45” N; 122⁰ 54’31” W ▪ Relative ▪ Site and situation- e.g. SFU is on a mountain, East of Vancouver ▪ Cognitive ▪ Experiential – e.g. SFU is an ‘ivory tower’ disconnected from the everyday world Location – Place Names ▪ Toponyms ▪ Names can be controversial Source: CTV Van. Holliday (2023) ▪ Some place can have several names ▪ Names can change  Distance ~9km ▪ Absolute ▪ Relative ▪ Cognitive Distance ▪ Tobler’s first law of Geography: ‘Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things’ –Waldo Tobler ▪ Friction of Distance ▪ Distance Decay ▪ Time-Space Compression  Regions ▪ A combination of locations based on a shared attributes and definable characteristics but not always a fixed boundary ▪ Can be at a variety of scales Map Source: https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/french-wine-exploration-map/  Regions Tourism Regions Interactions ▪ How different phenomena work in conjunction ▪ Patterns and outliers ▪ Accessibility ▪ Networks Geography in Action ▪ https://native-land.ca/ ▪ “We strive to go beyond old ways of talking about Indigenous people and to develop a platform where Indigenous communities can represent themselves and their histories on their own terms. In doing so, Native Land Digital creates spaces where non-Indigenous people can be invited and challenged to learn more about the lands they inhabit, the history of those lands, and how to actively be part of a better future going forward together.” – Native Land Digital  Case Study: Analyzing watermain breaks in the Region of Peel, Ontario ▪ Watermains are typically one of the most expensive assets owned by a municipality ▪ Difficult to monitor ▪ How are our assets failing? ▪ How effective is their watermain replacement program? ▪ What is the infrastructure’s useful life? Source: Schwartz (2020), Link Effectiveness of the program ▪ After gaining an understanding of where, when and which watermains are failing, and how customers have been affected by this, they were able to assess the effectiveness of the Region’s watermain replacement program and figure out a prioritized action plan ▪ They were able to discern the effective life of the infrastructure, compare different materials in conjunction with their environments, and better plan for maintenance and replacement schemes which simplified expenditure estimates and planning ▪ Lower tax burden on regional residents while also lowering the amount of breakages and increasing the effectiveness of repairs when they were needed Questions