Lecture 2 Text PDF

**Preamble** In this lesson, Historical views and current trends of abnormality will be explained to students. Beginning with philosophical views of mental illness to current methods of classifying mental disorders, the emergence and refining of psychological illnesses and their methods of treatmen...

**Preamble** In this lesson, Historical views and current trends of abnormality will be explained to students. Beginning with philosophical views of mental illness to current methods of classifying mental disorders, the emergence and refining of psychological illnesses and their methods of treatments will be discussed.  **Learning Objectives** In the end of this lesson, students will be able to - Describe prehistoric and ancient beliefs about mental illness and its treatment - Discuss the contribution of Muslim philosophers in defining the abnormal behavior and its treatment.. - Describe mental illness and its moral treatment method - Compare and contrast the old and current methods of defining mental illness and its treatment. - **[Historical Perspective on Abnormal Behavior]** - **[Topic: 4-8]** - Prayer  - Nosie making - Forcing the afflicted to drink terrible tasting brews - Flogging was beating the clients - Starvation   - If we see in different regions of Asia, we can see that some of the exorcism techniques still exist such as in Pakistan. - Emil Kraepelin argued that physical factors (such as fatigue) are responsible for mental dysfunction - Despite general optimism, biological approaches yielded mostly disappointing results throughout the first half of the 20th century, until a number of effective medications were finally discovered which started curing patients. - **The Psychogenic Perspective**: According to this perspective, abnormal functioning has psychological causes. The most primitive treatment according to the perspective was hypnotism which was introduced by Friedrich Mesmer for hysterical disorders. Based on neurological studies, Sigmund Freud's postulated theory of psychoanalysis. Freud offered treatment primarily to patients who did not require hospitalization now known as outpatient therapy.