Lecture 14 Errors in Studies and Group Discussion PDF

Zarqa University Faculty of Dentistry Course Title: community medicine and epidemiology Date: Course No. :1605380 Name: Level: year 3...

Zarqa University Faculty of Dentistry Course Title: community medicine and epidemiology Date: Course No. :1605380 Name: Level: year 3 Academic No.: Year: 2024/2025 Group: 1-The diagram represents which kind of studies a. Cross sectional b. Cohort c. Clinical trial d. Longitudinal study 2- List 2 types of clinical trials a- --------- b- -------- 3- From the contingency table, Odd ratio = Case Control Total Disease a b a+b No disease c d c+d a+c b+d a+b+c+d 4- All the following describes factorial design clinical trial, except A. The researchers intervene and control the exposure/experiment B. Hypothesis testing of the causal factor effect can be calculated C. Allow the assessment of relative risk and relative risk reduction D. Needed number to treat can not be calculated because this design can not assess incidence of outcomes  Zarqa University Faculty of Dentistry Course Title: community medicine and epidemiology Date: Course No. :1605380 Name: Level: year 3 Academic No.: Year: 2024/2025 Group: 1-The diagram represents which kind of studies a. Cross sectional b. Cohort c. Prevalence d. Case control 2-From the contingency table relative risk in clinical trials= Test Control Total Effect a b a+b No effect c d c+d a+c b+d a+b+c+d 3-Define cross-sectional studies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4- All the following represent different designs of clinical trials except A. Randomized and quasi randomized controlled clinical trials B. Split plot/ split mouth clinical trials  Zarqa University Faculty of Dentistry Course Title: community medicine and epidemiology Date: Course No. :1605380 Name: Level: year 3 Academic No.: Year: 2024/2025 Group: C. Cross-over clinical trial D. Ecological studies 1- The diagram represents which kind of studies a. Survey b. Cohort c. Prevalence d. Case control 2- Results of a case-control study assessing the relation between dental caries and eating sugary candy on daily basis, are described in the table. The odd ratio = Cases (have caries) Control (caries free) Total Exposure (daily candy a) 65 b) 25 90 bar) No exposure c) 35 d) 75 110 (no candy bar) Total 100 100 200 3- Define relative risk in a clinical trial- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4- All the following represent different designs of clinical trials except  Zarqa University Faculty of Dentistry Course Title: community medicine and epidemiology Date: Course No. :1605380 Name: Level: year 3 Academic No.: Year: 2024/2025 Group: A. Randomized and quasi randomized controlled clinical trials B. Split plot/ split mouth clinical trials C. Cross-over clinical trial D. Ecological studies 1-The following diagram represents a) Prospective cohort study b) Retrospective cohort study c) Case control study d) Experimental study 2- Match each study design to the arrow that represents it in relation to time a. Cross-sectional study b. Case-control study c. Retrospective cohort d. Clinical trials Past present Future a. Prospective cohort  Zarqa University Faculty of Dentistry Course Title: community medicine and epidemiology Date: Course No. :1605380 Name: Level: year 3 Academic No.: Year: 2024/2025 Group: 3- All the following describes factorial design clinical trial, except A. The researchers intervene and control the exposure/experiment B. Hypothesis testing of the causal factor effect can be calculated C. Allow the assessment of relative risk and relative risk reduction D. Needed number to treat can not be calculated because this design can not assess incidence of outcomes 1-The diagram represents which kind of studies a.Survey b.Cohort c.Prevalence d. Case control 2-This diagram represents a- Randomized controlled clinical trial b- Retrospective cohort study c- Prospective cohort study d- Quasi randomized clinical trial 3- Absolute risk reduction = ------------------  Zarqa University Faculty of Dentistry Course Title: community medicine and epidemiology Date: Course No. :1605380 Name: Level: year 3 Academic No.: Year: 2024/2025 Group: 4- All the following describes factorial design clinical trial, except A. The researchers intervene and control the exposure/experiment B. Hypothesis testing of the causal factor effect can be calculated C. Allow the assessment of relative risk and relative risk reduction D. Needed number to treat can not be calculated because this design can not assess incidence of outcomes A study assessed the association between a new vaccine and travelers diarrhea. The researchers selected a random sample of travelers who were at risk of developing diarrhea and had received the new vaccine, and another random sample of travelers who did not receive the new vaccine. Participants in both groups were assessed for occurrence of diarrhea 7 days after returning back home. Which measure of association should be used for this study? A. Relative risk B. Odds ratio C. Prevalence rate ratio D. Median survival time E. Incidence rate In epidemiological studies, the Hawthorne effect is defined as A. The self-fulfilling prophecy B. Rosenthal effect C. Occurs when some participants perform much better than others in certain situations just because they were expected to perform better in those situations D. The Pygmalion Effect E. Individuals will change their behavior if they are aware that they are being observed.