Rabies Lecture Notes PDF

Rabies : hydrophobia difficulty : of swallowing >considered rabies. - a s...

Rabies : hydrophobia difficulty : of swallowing >considered rabies. - a symptom of - One of the most deadly zoonotics. - all rabies. · mammals are susceptible to highest case fatality. - - 60, 000 deaths world-wide /Africa : Asia) Majority children · Developing countries · - 95 % of human cases due to dog bites 99 % of human deaths in Africa - occur and Asia dog rabies is poorly controlled /regions · Tools to eradicate rabies available - Rabies has had legislation on rabies - Mesopotamians - Eshnunna Code /2300bc) 45 if their died if owner had to pay shecruls dog of rabies slaves died had 15 sheckrules of silver. a dog they to pay owner of rabid dog responsible for containment of the animal. · - Babylonian King Adadapla-iddina , (1068-1047 BC) constructed temple to the Gula a goddness ·. healer and protector from rabies. - Aristole (384-322 BC) "Dogs suffer from the madness, This causes them to become irritable " and all animals bite become diseased they to. - Columella (60 AD) describes shepherds tails of preventative cutting puppies as a · measure for rabies. is - an old picture shows getting bit by a dog a death sentence. Zoonotic-transmission primarily rapid dogs. All continents Antarctica except ·. Asia , Africa : Indice -59. 000 human deaths/year. Europe and America , · dogs vaccinated · are · Few human deaths Few transmissions from dogs · · vaccination · Primarily vla wildlife · Bats , foxes , skunks , raccons. Canada : Dog importation /CFIAL rabies vaccine needed. Nearly 100 % of human rabies cases are preventable - eradicate canine rabies so that no more human cases occur. 70 % vaccinale at least 70 % dogs ·. $10 a cost nearly 10 X lower that of human prophylaxis. Rabies Virus : RNA virus capable of change. - · Rhabdoviridae 12 kb RNA negative · sense genose. species-specific variants · Bat skunk , fox. - > different from dogs. Environmentally Labile - : Inactivated by · · Heat 150 C 15 min) · · Sunlight Daylight ·. · majority of human spread from dogs is Africa ; Asia. Peripheral to brain - nervous system 13-12 weeks) Virus replicates rapidly in the brain. - -subsequent centrifugal spread to salivary glands i saliva. -Clinical Symptoms · death within I week (spreads to brain - > life is over - Treatment PRIOR to clinical signs. 1. Virus innoculated 2. Viral replication in muscle 3. Virion enters peripheral nervous system. 4. Passive ascent via sensory fibers.. 5 Replication in dorsal ganglion 6. Rapid ascent in spinal cord L. Infection of spinal cord , brainstem , cerebellum , and other brain structures-. 8 to Descending infection via nervous system eye , salivary glands , skin , and other organs. Case Detection as Means a toControl Rabies in Dogs ? Periods Long incubation - Long preclinical - - Clinical Rabies difficult to detect. Live Attenuated Vaccine --. Pasteur - Chicken Cholera · Bacterial disease of chickens Pasteur Observed that old bacterial lost virulence · cultures · Protected chickens from Cholera. didn't produce disease but immune response · a. First Rabies Vaccine Pasteur (1885) ~ animal model. - Passaged canine rabies in rabbits. · Attenuated , yet still virulent -Spinal cord of rabies-infected rabbit. · Ground · When dried-less virulent - Canine Vaccine · series of increasingly virulent samples. First Rabies Vaccine Joseph Meister : 1885) Repeatedly bitten by rapid dog /July 4 - a , - 13 inoculations over 3 weeks Progressively virulent samples · more - Meister did not develop rabies Note : treatment post-infection ! 1911 Rables Vaccine : - Philadelphia drug company - > H K.. Mulford it " "physicians who have had no previous experience may successfully apply. vlaccination protocol : - 25 injections of rabies vaccine 3 injections on day 2 injections on day 2 2 injections on day 3 I day injection each for 18 days. · Each dose slightly more virulent. Rabies vaccine Dogs -> prevent infection Humans post-bite Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) - A close of human rabies immune globin (HRIG) provides immediate antibodies. · - Rabies vaccine On the day of the rabies exposure · followed by additional vaccinations · Days 3, 7 : 14. · 29 million days closes of PEP administered world-wide / year (WHO) · It is estimated that there would be -3 million deaths in absence of PEP. - RO > I · a disease will die out on its own · for every sick individual , 1 infection infection. an existing causes more than new - one spread in population causing an epidemic. - Rabies Ro : >1 in dogs - Dogsc re social Dogs interact with their teeth -. What is Ro of Robies in Humans ? - Zero ! - Humans are a dead-end host Robles can not be decreased by only treating humans. - First Rabies Case in Canada ? Charles Lennox 4th Duke of Richmond11764-1819) - , Rabies virus reservoirs /Canada - artic foxes red toxes - - skunks raccoons - - bats 2021 Five deaths(rabies) in U S.. ↓ 80 yr.. Illinois man , not vaccinated of -longstanding fear vaccines. Idaho 2 and Texas not vaccinated man a boy - belief that no bat bite or scratch broke their skin.. Minnesota 3 man bitten by a bat. Vaccinated hampered their an undiagnosed immune system problem - effectiveness. 5 rabid while. was bitten by a dog traveling in the Philippines (died in NYC. )