Anatomical Terminology (Plane & Terms) - Fall 2023 Lecture - BADR University

Faculty of Medicine Fall 2023 Anatomical Terminology (Plane & Terms) 1  Identify the meaning of Anatomy and parts of the body Demonstrate the anatomical position Identify the planes most commonly used in the study of anatomy D...

Faculty of Medicine Fall 2023 Anatomical Terminology (Plane & Terms) 1  Identify the meaning of Anatomy and parts of the body Demonstrate the anatomical position Identify the planes most commonly used in the study of anatomy Describe the human body using directional terms 2 What does human anatomy teach? 3  Human It is the science dealing with the study of Anatomy the structure of the human body. Anatomy comes from the Greek word (Anatome) which means to dissect or cut apart. 4  Anatomy is a descriptive science, and its language includes accurate anatomical terms ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺣﺎت ﺗﺷرﯾﺣﯾﺔ‬ many of which are derived from Latin or Greek Parts of the human body: Head Neck Trunk Extremities 6  Parts of the human body: Head Neck Trunk : Thorax Abdomen Pelvis & external genitalia 7 Extremities : 1) Upper limb: Shoulder joint Arm Elbow joint Forearm Wrist joint Hand Fingers 2) Lower limb: Gluteal Gluteal region region Hip joint Thigh Knee joint Leg Ankle joint Foot Toes 8  Anatomical position A person standing upright, facing forward. Arms straight and hands held by the hips, palms facing forward. Feet parallel and toes pointing forward. All anatomy and medical books describe structures and tissues of the human body with reference to this position 9  In clinical examination the patient commonly lies on his back or on his belly in either case always relate the body to the upright anatomical position 10 Supine position: means the body is lying on the back. Prone position: means the body is lying on the front with face downwards 11 1 3  Anatomical Planes  Anatomical planes are used to locate or describe the location of structures in the body.  These terms are often used to describe medical imaging such as CT scan and MRI. 14 1)Median (sagittal) plane is a vertical plane which passes anteroposteriorly through the body in the middle line dividing it into two equal right and left halves. 15 2) Paramedian (parasagittal) plane is any vertical plane parallel to the median plane and divides the body into unequal right and left parts. 16  3) Coronal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. 17 4) Horizontal (transverse) plane is a plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts. 18 Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves? 1-Coronal plane 2-Sagittal plane 3-Parasagittal plane 4-Horizontal Plane 19  are grouped in pairs of opposites based Anatomical terms : on the standard anatomical position. - Medial : means towards the median plane. - Lateral : means away from the median plane 20 Anatomical terms : - Superior (cranial = cephalic): means towards the head. - Inferior (caudal): means towards the feet 21 Anatomical terms : -Proximal: means close to the point of origin or trunk of the body - Distal: means (away) far from the point of origin or the trunk. such as in the upper limb and lower limb 22 Anatomical terms : - Anterior (ventral) : means towards the front of the body. - Posterior (dorsal): means towards the back of the body. 23  Anatomical terms : - Superficial (external) : means towards the surface of the body. - Deep (internal): means away from the surface of the body. 24 Superficial 25 Other anatomical terms : - Ipsilateral: means the same side of the body. - Contralateral : means the opposite side of the body. Usually these terms are used to describe which side of the body is affected by a lesion in the brain or spinal cord e.g. lesion in the right cerebral hemisphere results in paralysis of the left (contralateral) side of the body and may have vision affection of the right eye (ipsilateral) 26  Anatomical terms of movement They are used to describe the actions of muscles on the skeleton. Muscles contract to produce movement at joints, and the subsequent movements can be precisely described using the terminology below. 27  Flexion / Extension Flexion: approximation of ventral surfaces with a decrease in the angle between them. Extension: ventral surfaces move away from each other with an increase in the angle between them. Dorsiflexion (extension) and Plantar flexion (Flexion) They are terms used to describe movements at the ankle. They refer to the two surfaces of the foot; the dorsum (superior surface) and the plantar surface (the sole). 28 Abduction / Adduction Adduction: moving toward the midline. Abduction: moving away from the midline. 29 Rotation Medial rotation: rotation toward the midline. Lateral rotation (in forearm: pronation, so that palm faces Medial rotation backwards. Lateral rotation: rotation away from the midline. (in forearm: supination, so that palm faces Pronation Supination forwards. 30  Inversion: movementof foot so that the sole faces inwards. Eversion: movement of foot so that the sole faces outwards. Inversion Eversion 31 Elevation / Depression Elevation: moving up. Depression: moving down. Protraction / Retraction Protraction: moving anteriorly. Retraction: moving posteriorly. 32 Circumduction: combined rotatory movement involving extension, abduction, flexion, adduction. 33 TEST YOURSELF : Which of the following is more proximal a)The foot b)The leg c)The thigh d)The toes 34 TEST YOURSELF : In anatomical position the forearm is a)Flexed b)Extended c)Abducted d)Pronated 35 36