Systems Analysis & Database Management Systems Lecture 1 PDF

S Y S T E M S A N A LY S I S & D ATA B A S E MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INFS7007 1 Background Check I I have an IT related degree at the level of a. Bachelor or higher b. Diploma or certificate or something equivalent c. None of the above...

S Y S T E M S A N A LY S I S & D ATA B A S E MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INFS7007 1 Background Check I I have an IT related degree at the level of a. Bachelor or higher b. Diploma or certificate or something equivalent c. None of the above 2 Background Check II I have learned ___________ before a. Systems Analysis Design and Database b. Systems Analysis Design c. Database d. none 3 Outline Subject content Subject information 4 Software Crisis Some of the software fail to meet the original expectations. The percentage of the failure rate is around 1. 10% 2. 30% 3. 50% 4. 70% 5 Information Systems HOW to create a new information system?  Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) I. Planning II. Analysis III. Design IV. Implementation V. Maintenance 6 Information Systems continued … WHERE to store our data?  Database Systems (DB) 7 How to Maintain & Manage Databases? Structured Query Language (SQL) 8 Putting it All Together SAD DB SQL methodology theory practice Final Project 9 To Create a New System, we should think about Why = the Purpose How = the Process What = the Result 10 Subject Basic Details Subject Name: Systems Analysis and Database Management Systems Subject Number: INFS7007 Lecturer and Tutor: Dr Mahsa Razavi More information: available in the Learning Guide 11 Assessment Summary Item Weight Due Date Threshold Quiz 1 20% Week 7 Yes Quiz 2 15% Week 13 Yes Tutorial/Practical 1 15% Week 7 Yes Tutorial/Practical 2 15% Week 13 Yes Final Project Presentation 10% Week 14 Yes Final Project Report 25% Week 14 Yes To pass the subject, students must achieve at least 50% overall mark AND Students must pass 40% on each assessment item AND Students must submit ALL assessment items AND Students must attend the in-class presentation on Final Project. 12 Other Details to Check in the LG About the subject, what to expect and attendance – pg 2 Teaching schedule – pgs 4-5 Academic Integrity, Student Misconduct Rule, late submission and request for extension – pgs 7-8 Assessment details – pgs 8-16 Learning resources – pg 17 Policies – pg 19 13 Final Project The Project project planning Project project analysis Business Design and Develop a Domain Proposal Requirements relational database by applying the SDLC conceptual database Implement the The Project Database design database by using implementation in SQL SQL Normalised Global Entity Relation Relation Relationship Schemas normalization Diagram logical Diagram and database physical design database design 14 Textbooks – can be found under reading/resources on vUWS Connolly, T. and Begg, C. (2010). Database Systems A Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., & Roth, R. M. (2012). Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Systems analysis and design (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Management, 5th Edition, USA, Addison Wesley John Wiley 15 Subject Content – sometimes each session Part A: Systems Analysis and Design (SDLC) Part B: Database Design and Development (DB) Part C: DB implementation (SQL) 16 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PART A Checkpoint What is the main teaching and learning approach used in this subject? i. Question and answer ii. Theory and practice iii. What-Why-How 18 Software Crisis – Why? Customer User  No clear idea  Diversity  Inconsistent  Changing  ……  …… Architect Developer  Communication failure  Communication problems  System boundary  Exception  ……  …… 19 Software Crisis – How? Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Life- Cycle Phases 20 Checkpoint Which one of the following is NOT considered as a major step in software system development? a. Planning b. Design c. Sales d. Analysis 21  D A T A B A S E M A N A G E M E N T S Y S T E M S PART B  A database is a shared collection of logically related data, and a description of this data, designed to meet the information needs of an organisation. Software Crisis – What? 23 Examples of Databases Purchases from the supermarket Purchases using your credit card Booking a holiday at the travel agents Using the local library Taking out insurance Renting a video Using the Internet Studying at university 24 Traditional File-Based Systems Collection of application programs that perform services for the end users (e.g. reports). Each program defines and manages its own data. 25 File-based Info Systems are mostly Obsolete … Why? Program-Data Dependence All file-based programs maintain metadata for each file they use. A change in a file’s data characteristics requires the modification of the data access programs. File Structure Dependence Changes in a file structure/format requires modifications on all the related programs. A change in a file structure requires the modification of all the related programs that use that file. Change of data requires changing all related programs. 26 Disadvantages of File-based Systems Redundancy / duplication of the data. Inconsistency arising from the redundancy. Hard to share the data among multiple applications, and likewise are for the separation and isolation of the data. Security restrictions complex to apply. Data integrity hard to maintain. Incompatible file formats. 27 Database Approach File-based limitations arose because:  Definition of data was embedded in the application programs, rather than being stored separately and independently.  No control over the access and the manipulation of the data, beyond that imposed by application programs. Result:  the database and Database Management System (DBMS). 28 Database Composition Persistent data – the organisation’s operational data and the system catalogue. Entities and relationships  Entity: a distinct object (a person, place, thing, concept, or event) to be represented in the database.  Relationship: an association among entities. Attributes: an attribute describes some aspect of the object one wishes to record. 29 Database Management System (DBMS) DBMS is a software system that enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database. DBMS allows users to  Define the database via a Data Definition Language (DDL)  Insert, update, delete, retrieve data from the database via a Data Manipulation Language (DML) 30 Database Management System (DBMS) 31 32 Checkpoint Which of the following independence is supported by a database system but not by a file based system a. Program Data Independence b. Program User Independence c. User Data Independence d. Program Data and User Independence 33 SQL PART C Structured Query Language (SQL) De facto standard programming language for relational database Data Definition Language (DDL) - Create, Drop, Alter, Rename, Truncate Data Manipulation Language (DML) - Insert, Update, Delete, Merge Query Language - Select Data Control Language (DCL) Transaction Control Procedure & Function 35 Final Definition Trio Database: A shared collection of logically related data, and a description of this data, designed to meet the information needs of an organization. DBMS: A software system that enables users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. Application Program: A computer program that interacts with the database by issuing an appropriate request (typically as an SQL statement) to the DBMS. 36 Acknowledgement The teaching material (lectures, tutorials/practicals) for this subject is based on the teaching resources provided by the publisher Pearson and Wiley of the textbook, also Some resources may have originated from an earlier delivery of the same subject by Dr Yi Zhou who may in turn also have made use of others’ contributions. Maria Mikhail (lecturer) 37 Reading Wiley – Chapter 1 (in particular pages 6-15) Pearson – Chapters 1 and 10 38