Lecture-1 RBCs Handout PDF

Haematology & Immunity RBCs Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hassaan A. Rathore, PhD HSF-II / MEDI103 Learning Outcomes Describe the composition of blood and recall circulating blood volume Enlist composition of plasma and describe its func...

Haematology & Immunity RBCs Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hassaan A. Rathore, PhD HSF-II / MEDI103 Learning Outcomes Describe the composition of blood and recall circulating blood volume Enlist composition of plasma and describe its functions Describe physical characteristics of RBCs Describe function and formation of red blood cells – Erythropoiesis Relate blood homeostasis to RBC disorders  Blood Formed elements RBC S toa Blood Connectiissue ve · % -52 ) % (42 male -47%) Fe female (37% Normal · Percentage of RBC in the Blood : Hematocrit - > Temperture a 1) Cells Platelets · Function of blood : 1- Homeostatic regulationPolarit is A Consistency between 2 - Oxygen and nutriant supply. solid and liquid 3 - Immunity. 4-Waste products and liver for excretion. to kidney ↑ WBC 8% (4 5-bliters Total volumeforblood. A · Viscous 2) Plasma What is blood? “Special connective tissue”  · Homeostasis : The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body. (the state of balance) · Homeostatic : The mechanisms/actions maintaining the balance(homeostasis). (the action/mechanisms maintaining that balance) Functions of blood e ① Homeostatic regulation Home 1- ofblo - functions – Temperature ↳Tempere ane – pH Homeostasis The Any idea about function of blood? – Osmolarity - Oxygen nutrient supply 2- and Waste products to kidney and – Hemostasis jjj. 3 excretion liver for. 4 - Immunity - ② Oxygen & nutrient supply G Waste products to kidney & liver for excretion Immunity  * Hematocrit Pentagein your blood Total volume of blood is approx. 8% of body weight (4.5-5 liters) Normal les thermal a moreze - S A made a Ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood  Plasma ⑪) Fluid in the blood Clear Yellowish pH: 7.35-7.45 a) Water b) Protein c) Inorganic ions Na+, K+, Ca+2, PO4-2 91.5% 7% ~ 1.5% d) Organic subs. Glucose, AA, vit. lipids e) Hormones Plasma proteins 3 major types: Function a) Albumin Osmotic pressure, carrier b) Globulin Immunity, carrier c) Fibrinogen Blood clotting Formed elements- Differentiation hemocytoblast 5 Formed elements - RBCs % (thrombocytes) 55 Platelets ↑ Plasma RBC =>butatPateteWBenkots 1) Cells Platelets WBC Viscous 2) Plasma Blood “Special connective tissue” Red Blood Cell functions RBCs are also known as Erythrocytes 1) Transport O2 from the lungs - hemoglobin (Hgb) Primary Functions enzyme 2) Carbonic anhydrase (CO2 + H2O) Carbonic anhydrased is a special protein in your Erythrocytes also use the enzyme carbonic doidea andthepturcarbon turn carbon dioxide CO2 and water H that helps body blood It also body can carry in your. into a form your body's pH balanced. helps keep your  Concentration & shape of RBCs Male- 5, 200, 000 Female- 4, 700, 000 (rbc/mm3 + 5,000, 000) Physical Characteristics Thin Biconcave discs Diameter – 8 µm Volume – approx. 90 fL Life – Approx. 120 days Lack RNA, ribosomes. Lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically No nucleus in mature RBCs Concentration & shape How many Oxy molecules xn can one RBC million lobin 280 Male 13-18g/100 ml carry? hemoge RBC # - Hgb 1 RBC Female 12-16g/100 ml can carry approx Each RBC contains approx. 280 million 1 molecules of hemoglobin Billion Oxy One hemoglobin molecule can bind 4 molecules of oxygen Hemoglobin molecule 141 amino acids 146 amino acids  Hemocytoblast + Erythropoietin Proerythroblast - (stem cells – bone marrow) &. Vit. B12 Folate intere Basophil Erythroblast Iron - (synthesis of Hgb begins) 10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132306. PMID: 15189115. vitamin B12, and iron. Annu Rev Nutr. 2004;24:105-31. doi: Koury MJ, Ponka P. New insights into erythropoiesis: the roles of folate, Polychromatophil - Erythroblast Erythropoiesis - Normoblast - / Orthochromic erythroblast - (nucleus shrink, - cytoplasm filled with Hgb) Reticulocyte - (spends 3 days in marrow) Erythrocytes - (1% circulating erythrocytes are reticulocytes) Homeostasis - RBCs Average life of RBCs RBC 120 days Do not have NUCLEUS, but contain cytoplasmic ENZYMES needed for glucose metabolism etc,. OLD RBC Rupture during mostly in the become passage through spleen fragile tight spots  Destruction of RBCs & Hb Phagocytosis Hgb Macrophages and digested Heme Heme Biliverdin Oxygenase Globin Reductase Free iron Amino Bilirubin Acids Transferrin Bone marrow Liver & other tissues- stored as - formation of new RBC stored as ferritin RBC disorders Blood loss (anemia) Aplastic anemia Red Blood Cells Pernecious anemia BLOOD Haemolitic anemia CELLS Iron deficiency anemia Agranulocytosis White Blood Cells Leukemia  Anemia “Anaemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the haemoglobin concentration within them is lower than normal.” a) Blood Loss Anemia Following severe bleeding: the body replaces plasma within 1 - 3 days. RBC concentration returns to normal only after 3 - 4 weeks. b) Aplastic anemia Aplasia of bone marrow reduced functional bone marrow possibly by radiation exposure, Infection, exposure to drugs Anemia c) Pernicious Anemia / Megaloblastic Anemia: Gastric RBC Absorption of Vit. mucosa maturation B12 & Folic acid damage or affected gastrotomy d) Haemolytic Anemia : (GENETIC DISORDER) e.g. i) Sickle cell anemia - hemoglobin S ii) Thalassemia - small and fragile RBC. Physiologic effects of Anemia 1. cardiac output caused by blood viscosity. B.P C¸ , Gamze , Mustafa Pac¸, and Ayse Basak. Effect of Hematocrit on Blood Pressure Via Hyperviscosity. AJH 1999;12:739–743 2. Hypoxia – getting worse during physical exercise / hard labour Cardiac Failure What did we learn? Summary Composition of blood & blood volume Composition of plasma Characteristics & function of RBCs Erythropoiesis & RBC life cycle RBC homeostasis & disorders [email protected]