Introduction To Ergonomics Lecture 1 PDF

8/30/2024 INTRODUCTION TO ERGONOMICS ERGONOMICS Coined from the Greek words ergon (meaning “work”) and nomos (meaning “rules”).  Interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to design tools, equipment, and tasks to optimize human capabilitie...

8/30/2024 INTRODUCTION TO ERGONOMICS ERGONOMICS Coined from the Greek words ergon (meaning “work”) and nomos (meaning “rules”).  Interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to design tools, equipment, and tasks to optimize human capabilities. “Make the work fit the person, not the person fit the work” 1 8/30/2024 HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS  It all started on the EVOLUTION OF MAN 2 8/30/2024 Australopithecus Prometheus  When human first began to use tools to accomplish tasks they could not do it with their bare hands, they were practicing Ergonomics. 3 8/30/2024  Intelligent reactions to the interactions between man and his environment Christensen (1976) As time goes by….  MachinesTools Work Processes 4 8/30/2024 Industrial Revolution The process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to  one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 05 Developments in Transportation Use of AUTOMOBILE, 02 IRON and STEEL AIRPLANE, STEAMSHIP, New Organization RADIO AND TELEGRAPH of Work Use of FACTORY SYSTEM which entailed DIVISION OF LABOR 01 04 03 Technological Use of & Changes Basic MASS Communication Materials Development of PRODUCTION of Sources manufactured Use of goods. New Energy Use of Coal, Steam Engine and Electricity 5 8/30/2024 SPINNING JENNY is a multi-spindle spinning frame that reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. OTHER IMPORTANT INVENTIONS HOWE SEWING MACHINE 1836 1876 1798 1844 1775 TELEPHONE ALEXANDER GRAHAM STEAM BELL ENGINE JAMES WATT ELI WHITNEY INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS TELEGRAPH SAMUEL F.B MORSE ELIAS  6 8/30/2024 OTHER IMPORTANT INVENTIONS 1903 1892 INCANDESCENT LIGHT 1879 BULB 1888 THOMAS EDISON NIKOLA TESLA DIESEL ENGINE RUDOLF INDUCTION ORVILLE & WILBUR WRIGHT DIESEL ELECTRIC FIRST AIRPLANE MODEL T MOTOR HENRY FORD 1908 BERNARDINO RAMAZZINI  In 1717, Bernardino Ramazzini first introduced to physicians the common injuries or disorders that arose from eighteen century occupations in his treatise De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (The Disease of Workers). 7 8/30/2024 WOJCIECH JASTRZEBOWSKI He created the word ergonomics in 1857 in a philosophical narrative, “based upon the truths drawn from the Science of Nature” (Jastrzebowski, 1857). Bad Time for Mankind. Good Start for Ergonomics. 8 8/30/2024  HOW IT WAS STARTED? AXIS FORCES GERMANY ITALY Japan ALLIED FORCES  UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE POLAND UNITED STATES 9 8/30/2024 ERGONOMICS ON WORLD WAR II… World War II prompted greater interest in human-machine interaction as the efficiency of sophisticated military equipment (i.e., airplanes). DURING WORLD WAR II AFTER WORLD WAR II 10 8/30/2024  SAF ETY&PRODUCTIVITY FACTORS VS ERGONOMICS HUMAN 11 8/30/2024 Why Ergonomics and Human Factors are DIFFERENT ? International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors: “The conjunctive “and” strongly supports this interpretation”. 12 8/30/2024 If ergonomics and human factors were synonymous, why not just use one name?  HUMAN FACTORS In the United States to refer to cognitive design issues as “human factors” and physical design issues as “ergonomics.” 13 8/30/2024  HUMAN FACTORS There are three basic human factors that must be accounted for in the design of the workplace: (1) people are different (2) people have limitations, and (3) people have certain expectations and predictable responses to given situations  People are Different People come in different shapes and sizes. Yet, the workplace is often designed based on the premise that “one size fits all.” 14 8/30/2024  People have Limitations The physical and mental limits that confront humans are numerous. People have Predictable Reaction The cognitive processes— how humans think, make decisions, and react 15 8/30/2024 ERGONOM ICS Ergonomics has a  traditional relationship with the physical aspects of work, while human factors has a greater relationship to cognitive involvement. Musculo Skeletal Disorders(MSD)  16 8/30/2024 Musculoskeletal System It provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (MSD) Are injuries and disorders that affect the human body’s movement or musculoskeletal system  17 8/30/2024 Example of Musculo-Skeletal Disorders(MSD) MUSCLES and TENDONS Example of Musculo-Skeletal Disorders(MSD) DISCS and BLOOD VESSELS 18 8/30/2024 Example of Musculo-Skeletal Disorders(MSD)  LIGAMENTS and NERVES What are Work Related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? WMSDs are also known as: Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs) Overuse injuries They are soft tissue injuries which occur gradually  19 8/30/2024 ) CAUSE SYPTO S OF MS OF (WMSD (WMSDs s) Burning Pushing, Pulling or Carrying Loads Swelling Discomfort Pain Working in Awkward Change in color Postures Hand Intensive Numbness Tightness, loss of flexibility Work Vibration Inflammation Heavy, Frequent, or Contact Stress Awkward Lifting Risk factors for WMSDs Heavy Frequent or Awkward Lifting  20 8/30/2024 HEAVY LIFTING There are only recommendations for maximum weight a person can lift. FREQUENT LIFTING Lifting more than twice per minute 21  AWKWARD LIFTING Lifting above the shoulders, below the knees or at arms’ length 8/30/2024 22  8/30/2024 In the Philippines …  CAPIZ “SEAFOOD CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES” Capital: Roxas City 23 8/30/2024 VOODOO ERGONOMICS It is a misunderstood application of Ergonomics. Forcing to fit the workplace to the worker or forcing to design the product to its user without considering worker’s or user’s satisfaction. 24 8/30/2024 ACTIVITY TIME !!! 25