Human Anatomy Lecture 1 PDF

LECTURE 1 HUMAN ANATOMY INTRODUCTION Dr. Nadia Elyas STAFF ASSISTANTS:  T.A. Asmaa alaa  D.menna maher Course content: Overview of Human Anatomy Cardiovascular System Definition and importance of anatomy Historical perspectives and advancemen...

LECTURE 1 HUMAN ANATOMY INTRODUCTION Dr. Nadia Elyas STAFF ASSISTANTS:  T.A. Asmaa alaa  D.menna maher Course content: Overview of Human Anatomy Cardiovascular System Definition and importance of anatomy Historical perspectives and advancements Anatomy of the heart and blood vessels in the field Blood flow and circulation Basic Terminology Respiratory System Anatomical position and directional terms Anatomy of the lungs and airways Planes of the body (sagittal, coronal, Mechanism of breathing transverse) Digestive System Levels of Organization Organs involved in digestion Cells, tissues, organs, and systems Nutrient absorption and metabolism Homeostasis and its significance Urinary System Skeletal System Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Major bones and their functions Regulation of fluids and electrolytes Joints and types of movement Learning Methods Lectures: Provide foundational knowledge and context. Laboratory Work: Hands-on experience with models, dissections, and imaging. Assignments. Quizzes and Exams: Assessing understanding and retention of material. Intended learning outcomes: define the main structures composing human body. Define the standard anatomical position. explain structure of skeletal system. Lists tissues of skeletal system. Course Plan: 1-Lectures -------------------13 lectures 2-Practical -------------------13 session 3-Interactive learning ------all lectures  Attendance 10% absent=1st warning (week 4) 20% absent=2nd warning (week 6) 25% absent=Denial (DN) (week 10)  Grads analysis: 20 marks mid-term exam 40 marks activity work 40 marks final exam Definition and Importance of Anatomy Anatomy is the branch of biology that studies the structure of organisms and their parts. In humans, it provides essential knowledge about the body's architecture, which is crucial for various fields such as medicine, physiotherapy, and biology. Understanding anatomy allows healthcare professionals to diagnose conditions, perform surgeries, and create treatment plans effectively.  Standard Anatomical Position refers to the specific body orientation used when describing an individual’s anatomy. Standardanatomical position of the human body consists of the body standing upright and facing forward with the legs parallel to one another. The upper limbs, or arms, hang at either side and the palms face forward. The 3 planes of the body: Coronal (frontal) plane: separates the front (anterior) and back (posterior) of the body Sagittal (longitudinal) plane: separates the left and right sides of the body. Transverse (axial) plane: separates the upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves of the body Anatomical direction terms: Medial: movement toward the midline of the body Lateral: movement away from the midline of the body Proximal: in proximity or closer to the knee is proximal to the ankle Distal: distant or further away i.e., the wrist is distal to the elbow. Superior :upper or above Inferior :lower or below Anterior :front of the body Posterior : back of the body  Importance of anatomical position: provides a clear and consistent way of describing human anatomy and physiology. creates clear points of reference which help to avoid confusion when using anatomical terms. Human skeleton the internal skeleton that serves as a framework for the body. This framework consists of many individual bones and cartilages. There also are bands of fibrous connective tissue—the ligaments and the tendons—in intimate relationship with the parts of the skeleton.  Skeletal system: The skeleton of the human being is a unique structure that has adapted to the needs of bipedal locomotion. The bony skeleton provides the shape and framework on which the human body is designed and functions. It houses and protects vital organs. it contains bone marrow. it provides attachments and anchorage to muscles and ligaments and joint.