New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Lecture Notes (CHN211) PDF

New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing (CHN211) Lecture No. (1) Dr. Doaa Abd Elhameed Assistant Professor at Faculty of Nursing- Mansoura University  New Mansoura University...

New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing (CHN211) Lecture No. (1) Dr. Doaa Abd Elhameed Assistant Professor at Faculty of Nursing- Mansoura University  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Aim of the course: The course will enable you to: Educate the patients and provide care, and using the services of many specialists working together in order to fulfill each patient’s diverse needs.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Overview to health education [Lecture 1]  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Outlines oDefinition of concepts oHealth education objectives oPrinciples of health education oAreas of health education oHealth education activities oApproach of health education oBehavior change communication oRole of health educator oCharacteristics of good health educators oBarriers of health education  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Definitions of main concepts: Health: Health is a highly subjective concept. Good health means different things to different people, and its meaning varies according to individual and community expectations. Many people consider themselves healthy if they are free of disease or disability. However, people who have a disease or disability may also see themselves as being in good health if they are able to manage their condition so that it does not impact greatly on their quality of life.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing WHO defined health as: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not the absence of disease.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Physical health: Physical health refers to anatomical integrity and physiological functioning of the body. To say a person is physically healthy: All the body parts should be there. All of them are in their natural place and position. None of them has any pathology. All of them are doing their physiological functions properly. And they work with each other harmoniously.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Mental health: Mental health is the ability to learn and think clearly. A person with good mental health is able to handle day-to-day events and obstacles, work towards important goals, and function effectively in society. Social health: Social health is the ability to make and maintain acceptable interactions with other people.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Wellness: It is the optimal state of health of individuals and groups; involves the realization of the fullest physical, psychological, social, spiritual and economical potential of an individual.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Health education It can be defined as the process that informs, motivates, and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and life styles. OR Process which affects changes in the health practices of people and in the knowledge and attitude related to such changes.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Health promotion: Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. Also, it can be defined as a combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to health.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Health education objectives: Informing Motivating Guiding People People into action  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Informing People Dissemination of information to the people regarding prevention of disease and promotion of health. This creates awareness of health needs, problems, take away the barrier of ignorance and misconceptions about health and Disease. Motivating People People should be motivated to change their ill habits, way of living as many diseases can be corrected by alteration of human behavior or changes in health practices which are detrimental to health. Guiding into action People should be motivated, communicated, and educated, to adopt and maintain health practices and lifestyle practices.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Aims of health education: 1. Increase knowledge of the factors that affect health. 2. Encourage behavior which promotes and maintains health. 3. Motivating people to adopt health-promoting behaviors by providing appropriate knowledge and helping to develop positive attitude (Health promotion and disease prevention). 4. Early diagnosis and management of diseases. 5. Reduce incidence of diseases. 6. Helping people to make decisions about their health and acquire the necessary confidence and skills to put their decisions into practice. 7. Encourage appropriate use of health services especially preventive services.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Principles of health education: Some basic principles that should be followed in imparting health education. (It can be summed up using a mnemonics -“MILK CPR LG CSF”) New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing M : Motivation I : Interest L : Learning by doing K : Known to unknown C : Credibility P : Participation R : Reinforcement L : Leader G : Good human relation C : Comprehensive S : Setting an example F : Feed back  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Motivation In every person there is a fundamental desire to learn. Stimulation or awakening of this desire is called motivation. Interest It is well -known psychological principle, that unless people are interested, they will not learn. Health education should therefore relate to the interests of the people. Learning by doing Learning is an action process. The following Chinese proverbs emphasizes the importance of learning by doing “IF I HEAR, I FORGET IF I SEE, I REMEMBER If I DO, I KNOW” Known to unknown We must always go from “simple to complex”; from concrete to the abstract, from easy to difficult and from known to unknown.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Credibility It is the degree to which the message to be communicated is perceived as trustworthy by the receiver. It must be based on facts. It must be consistent, compatible with scientific knowledge. Participation It is one of the active principles in learning. It is better than passive learning. Personal involvement is more likely to lead to personal acceptance. Reinforcement Repetition at intervals is necessary. If there is no reinforcement there is a possibility that the individual will forget what is taught. Leader We learn a best from people whom we respect and regard in the work of health education.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Good human relations The health educator must be kind. People must accept him as their real friend. Good relationships that lead to good communication. Comprehension In health education, we must know the level of understanding, education and literacy of the people to whom the teaching is directed. Setting an example The health Education should set a good example in the things he is teaching. e.g. If he is explaining the hazards of smoking, he will not be very successful, if himself smokes. Feed back It is one of the key concepts of the system’s approach.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Areas of health education: Any component of health can be an area for health education for example: 1. Personal hygiene 2. Proper health habits 3. Nutrition education 4. Physical health 5. Mental health 6. Social health 7. Psychological health 8. Proper use of health services 9. Drug abuse 10. Environmental health  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Health education activities / Types: Health education activities can be one of the following: The primary prevention: activities to change behaviors &promote preventive actions taken prior to the onset of a disease or injury as attending for immunization. The secondary prevention: activities which focuses on treatment or actions that block the progression of an injury or disease. The tertiary prevention: activities to promote treatment related to rehabilitation.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Approaches to health education: 1. The persuasion approach – deliberate attempt to influence the other persons to do what we want them to Do (Directive Approach). 2. The informed decision making approach – giving people information, problem solving and decision making skills to make decisions but leaving the actual choice to the people.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Behavior Change Communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels to develop positive behaviors, promote and sustain individual, and maintain appropriate behaviors.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Targets for health education: Individuals such as clients, patients, healthy individuals. Groups such as groups of students in a class, youth club. Community such as people living in a village.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Health education settings: Communities and homes Health care facilities Work sites Schools and university Prisons Community organization and government agencies  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Who is responsible for health education? Health educator is a professionally prepared individual who serves in a variety of roles and specifically trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the development of policies, procedures, interventions, and systems conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Role of health educator: 1. Assessment: ✓ Talking to the people and listening of their problems. ✓ Thinking of the behavior or action that could cause, cure and prevent these problems. ✓ Finding reasons for people’s behaviors. ✓ Helping to see the reasons for actions and health problems. 2. Planning: ✓ Asking people to give their own ideas for solving the problems. ✓ Helping people to look as their ideas so that they could see which were the most useful and the simplest to put into practice.  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing 3. Implementation: ✓ Encouraging people to choose the idea best suited to their circumstances. 4. Evaluation: ✓ Documenting the strengths and weakness of health education planning. ✓ Monitoring people performance. 5. Communication: ✓ Communicating health and health education needs concerns and resources with people. New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Barriers to health education 1.Barriers related to receiver 2-Barriers related to health educator 3-Environmental and organizational barriers  New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing Barriers to health education 1.Barriers related to the receiver : Such as physical or psychological problems, language , learning disability, and resistance to change. 2. Barriers related to health educators: Such as lack of knowledge and communication, failure in the planning or implementing process of health education. 3. Barriers related to environment of organization: Such as improper ventilation, unsuitable seats, improper and crowded place, noise, lack of organizational motivation or support, using unsuitable teaching methods New Mansoura University Faculty of Nursing