Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience Lecture 1 PDF

Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience – Professor Tim Andrews Lecture 1 What is Cognitive Neuroscience? What is cognitive neuroscience?  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the brain – Io...

Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience – Professor Tim Andrews Lecture 1 What is Cognitive Neuroscience? What is cognitive neuroscience?  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the brain – Ions – Resting membrane potential – Action potential – Synapse The emergence of cognitive neuroscience – Single neuron recording – EEG/MEG – fMRI/PET – Lesions/TMS Q  The relationship between mind and brain in ancient Greece And of course, the brain is not Our pleasure, joy.. laughter.. responsible for any of the sensations sorrow, pain, grief and tears arise at all. The correct view is the seat from the brain, and the brain alone. and source of sensation is the region With it we think and understand, of the heart.. The motions of see and hear, discriminate between pleasure and pain, and generally all the ugly and the beautiful, between sensation plainly have their source in pleasant and unpleasant and the heart - Aristotle between good and evil - Hippocrates Descartes and Dualism (1596 – 1650) I must first separately describe for you the body (which includes the brain) then also separately, the mind; and finally I must show you how these two natures would have to be joined and united to constitute people – Rene Descartes  Brain lesions reveal distinct behavioural deficits (1800 – 1900) – The equilibrium between his intellectual faculties and animal propensities seems to have been destroyed (about Phineas Gage) – Nous parlons avec l ’hemisphere gauche Dr John Harlow Paul Broca Golgi, Cajal, Brodmann and the neuron doctrine (1870-1910)  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the brain – Ions – Resting membrane potential – Action potential – Synapse The emergence of cognitive neuroscience – Single neuron recording – EEG/MEG – fMRI/PET – Lesions/TMS Neurons Ion channels and pumps Forces that control the movement of ions? K+ Cl- Animation: Resting membrane potential Sodium-potassium pump Animation: Sodium Potassium Pump Threshold Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels The action potential Animation: Action Potential The action potential is propogated along the axon Synapse Neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic cell  Removal of neurotransmitter A Animation: Synaptic Transmission Threshold and the summation of postsynaptic potentials Animation: Summation of postsynaptic potentials  Outline The origins of neuroscience Information processing in the brain – Ions – Resting membrane potential – Action potential – Synapse The emergence of cognitive neuroscience – Single neuron recording – EEG/MEG – fMRI/PET – Lesions/TMS Looking inside the black box Face recognition  Single neuron recordings (Hubel and Weisel, 1968) (Quiroga et al., 2005)  Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography (Berger, 1924; Adrian and Matthews, 1934) Neuronal energy consumption  Functional Neuroimaging: fMRI, PET Kanwisher et al (1997) ­ brain activity è ­ blood flow è ­ fMRI/PET signal Transcranial magnetic stimulation – TMS Spatial and temporal resolution of techniques in cognitive neuroscience